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16 February 2025, Volume 59 Issue 2 Previous Issue   

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The Historical Evolution of the National Planning System and the Role of the Government Wu Li1, Li Yang2 2025, 59 (2):  5-14.  Abstract ( 135 )   PDF (7151KB) ( 59 )   The five-year plan is an important tool for the government to play its role, and it is also an advantageous system with Chinese characteristics, which can be continuously improved with the changes in economic situations and tasks. Since the 21st century, the fiveyear plan has kept pace with the times and guided the comprehensive development of the economy and society. Centered on the fiveyear plan, China has continuously improved the planning system in terms of its economic and social development, and formed a national strategic planning system led by the fiveyear plans and longterm plans, which is composed of regional plans and sectorbased plans, as well as territorial spatial plans. They provide important guidance for the countrys reform and development and demonstrate the superiority of the socialist system to “turn its blueprint for development into reality”. In the new journey of further deepening reform in an allround way and pursuing the Chinese path to modernization, it is necessary to give better play to the role of the government and to promote highquality economic development and the common prosperity of the people through national planning. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Goals, Difficulties and Paths of Consolidating Cultural Subjectivity in the New Era Yan Lianfu, He Jiaqi 2025, 59 (2):  15-27.  Abstract ( 175 )   PDF (11178KB) ( )   The consolidation of cultural subjectivity in the new era is mainly characterized by the consolidation of the subjectivity of cultural leadership, the subjectivity of cultural development, the subjectivity of cultural innovation and the subjectivity of cultural exchanges. The key questions to be answered are: “who should consolidate”, “what should be consolidated”, “how to consolidate” and “the effect of consolidation”. In this process, we are faced with the dual challenges of “cultural nihilism” and “cultural hegemony”, the dual impacts of being “cultureoriented” and “technologyoriented”, the dual debates of “ancient or modern” and “China or the West”, and the dual obstacles of “discourse issues” and “acceptance issues”.Facing the future, the consolidation of cultural subjectivity in the new era should have a clear focus, that is, on boosting the capacity of culture in terms of “cohesion”, “power to shape”, “guidance” and “radiation”. We should strengthen the organic combination of leadership and autonomy, enhance the organic integration of culture and technology, uphold the organic unity of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, and promote the integrated construction of discourse power and communication power, so as to lay a solid cultural foundation for building up Chinas cultural strength in all aspects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Young Marx's Theoretical Exploration on the Transformation of Modernization in Western Europe Zhou Ding1, Zhang Xiaomeng2 2025, 59 (2):  28-39.  Abstract ( )   PDF (9289KB) ( )   As the conceptual foundation of the modernization movement in Western Europe, the modernization thought since the Enlightenment involves concerns about universal issues such as reason, freedom, rights, progress and emancipation, which expresses the pursuit of and reflection on the transformation of modern civilization. Through the confrontation with various thoughts of modernization, young Marxs attitude towards the conceptual principles of modernity shifted from following to critical scrutinizing. Based on the historical and theoretical investigation of the modernization process in Germany, France, and Britain, he initially revealed the internal contradictions and evolution trends of the modern bourgeois society. From the period of the Rheinische Zeitung to the eve of the philosophical revolution of 1845, Marx identified the positive effects and limitations of modernization through the bourgeois revolution, grasped the logical clues of modernization development through the private property system, revealed the alienation of modern people through the rule of things over human beings brought about by industrialization, and pointed out the practical tendency of selfnegation and sublation of modernization through the communist movement. By exploring and responding to the “the German form of modern problems”, Marx gradually realized the temporal and spatial intersection of modernization concepts and social reality, as well as the dialectical connection between historical trends and subject choices. From solving the specific problems of Germanstyle modernization to criticizing the universal principles and historical limits of the modern world, he opened up a new revolutionary path for transcending bourgeois political emancipation and achieving universal human emancipation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Requirements of the Times for the Research on the Principles of Ideological and Political Education Liu Jianjun 2025, 59 (2):  41-48.  Abstract ( )   PDF (6525KB) ( )   The research on the principles of ideological and political education must reflect the requirements and showcase the spirit of the new era. The main tasks of the research on the principles of ideological and political education in the new era are mainly reflected in the scope identification, theoretical formulation, academic interpretation, focus highlighting, enrichment and development, and system construction of the principles. The scope identification of the principles of ideological and political education must conform with the vision of the new era, the theoretical formulation must be in line with the breath of the new era, the academic interpretation must be linked to the reality of the new era, the focus highlighting must reflect the characteristics of the new era, the enrichment and development must absorb the achievements of the new era, and the system construction must meet the needs of the new era. These reflections on the adaptation of principles to our times are also of methodological reference value to the research on principles of other disciplines of philosophy and social sciences to a certain extent.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Historical Experience of the Research on the Principles of Ideological and Political Education Zhang Yaocan, Sun Qinghua 2025, 59 (2):  49-57.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7463KB) ( )   The discipline of ideological and political education has been established for 40 years. It is necessary and significant to conduct a historical review and summarize the experience of the research on principles of ideological and political education, which is the most foundational field and basic content in all fields of study. In the 40 years of exploration, the main achievements are to progressively build and improve the research system of the principles of ideological and political education, gradually expand and deepen the relevant research content, constantly make efforts and create the research paradigm of the principles, continuously enrich and innovate the relevant research methods, and continue to establish and strengthen the research team. In the past 40 years, the research on the principles of ideological and political education has formed important historical experience. It is necessary to uphold the guiding role of Marxism and integrate it with the useful knowledge from China and the West, and adhere to the integration of consolidating the theoretical foundation with attaching importance to crossdisciplinary research, of deepening metatheoretical research with responding to major practical problems, of macro research perspectives with micro ones, and of carrying forward the advantages of traditional research methods and using new technologies as empowerment tools.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovation of Ideas in the Research on the Principles of Ideological and Political Education Wang Xisheng 2025, 59 (2):  58-67.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7630KB) ( )   In the discipline of ideological and political education, the principles of ideological and political education occupy a fundamental position and play a cornerstone role with its unique universality, fundamentality and stability. The universality, fundamentality and stability of the principles of ideological and political education do not lead to the disruption of its capacity to innovation. Facing the requirements of the times for the development of ideological and political education, the principles of ideological and political education need to get rid of the old and bring in the new to boost its vitality, thus achieving the advancement of theoretical forms and principle images with the courage of selfrevolution. From the current status of the principles of ideological and political education, there are roughly three directions for its future innovation: first, it is necessary to absorb the recent achievements of basic theoretical research on ideological and political education, refine the practical experience of ideological and political education, and improve and enhance the core concepts, basic structure and explanatory power of the principles, so that its core concepts can better reflect the characteristics of the discipline, the basic structure is more logically selfconsistent, and the theoretical system can provide more practical guidance and have more academic explanatory power; second, we should expand the research paradigm of the principles of ideological and political education, and construct a more accurate system of principles of ideological and political education with a new paradigm based on that of social philosophy and human studies; third, we should change the “hard core” of the research agenda of the principles of ideological and political education, especially to carry out selfreform in the understanding of the core categories of ideological and political education, and construct a “new agenda” of the principles of ideological and political education with the “new hard core”. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Evolutionary Logic of Improving the Layout of the State-owned Sector and Adjusting Its Structure in China: A PoliticalEconomic Explanatory Framework Fan Xin1, Qiu Sainan2 2025, 59 (2):  68-82.  Abstract ( )   PDF (12012KB) ( )   Improving the layout of the state-owned sector and adjusting its structure by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) within the framework of the socialist market economy represent a significant theoretical innovation rooted in Chinas practical experience, as well as a major practical endeavor aimed at achieving highquality development in this new era. Building upon Marxist industrial and public ownership theories, and drawing from the CPC Central Committees ongoing exploration and refinement of the implementation of public ownership, this paper elucidates that improving the layout of the stateowned sector and adjusting its structure are an organic amalgamation of the spontaneous, dynamic optimization of industrial development and the proactive governmental coordination of layout of productive forces. With the continuous deepening of the CPC Central Committees understanding of the laws governing the socialist market economy, moves to realize stateowned economy have been constantly enriched and improved, progressing through three phases of “accumulation and expansion”, “strategic adjustment of its layout and structure”, and “layout improvement and structural adjustment”. The transition of the development goals and directions of the stateowned sector, from being planned, to being guided the market and industrial policy, and finally to being “marketoriented and enterpriseoriented”, is a vivid portrayal of how theory and policy support and complement each other. In addressing issues such as the evident imbalance in the industrial distribution of the stateowned economy and the lack of coordination in its industrial structure in the new era, it is imperative to ground practice in the theory of the socialist market economy, adhere to a peoplecentered approach, and strive for highquality development as the ultimate goal. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Construction of Digital Archives of Oral History for the Discipline of Chinese Communist Party History and Party Building Lyu Xiaoying 2025, 59 (2):  83-92.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7791KB) ( )   The implementation of the national cultural digitization strategy has brought new challenges and opportunities to the construction of system of literature resources, carrying out interdisciplinary exchanges and strengthening the role of the discipline of Chinese Communist Party history and Party building in supporting political projects and educating people. As a new form of digital documents, digital archives of the oral history for the discipline of Chinese Communist Party history and Party building integrate the advantages of oral history and digital archives, showing the distinctive characteristics of multiple forms and forming three basic divisions of people, events, and composites, as well as four basic categories under the classification standards of generation, institution, discipline, and region. According to the method of the whole life cycle describing the journey of an organization, this archive construction has formed a set of scientific, institutionalized, and standardized professional and technical standards through the process of “early preparation”, “midterm operation” and “later maintenance”, which helps lay a solid documental foundation for the construction of the independent knowledge system for the discipline of Chinese Communist Party history and Party building. Related Articles | Metrics

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he Changing Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Context of the “Fragmentation” of Global Governance: A Case Study of Environmental Governance Fu Yu, Li Keman 2025, 59 (2):  93-103.  Abstract ( )   PDF (9640KB) ( )   The current global governance process has encountered difficulties, and issues of “fragmentation” and lack of leadership have become increasingly visible. As the main body of global governance evolves from a traditional multilateral mechanism to a complex containing multiple actors and multidimensional mechanisms, the role of nonstate actors is facing profound change, and their interaction with traditional state actors and intergovernmental organizations is showing a new development trend. Taking the environmental field as an example, this paper explores the evolution mechanism and development trend of the role of nongovernmental organizations under the “fragmented” governance landscape, as well as its influence and enlightenment on Chinas deep participation in and leading of the reform of the global governance system in the new era. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Impact Mechanisms of the Institutional Environment on the Efficiency of Technology Application in the Production Process: Based on Marx's Critique of Political Economy (Manuscript 1861—1863) Lu Jiang, Li Binghui 2025, 59 (2):  104-116.  Abstract ( )   PDF (10803KB) ( )   The scientific and technological revolution is an important factor in promoting the development of human productivity and a source of motivation for improving labor productivity. The history of world economy shows that the efficiency of the application of science and technology in the process of material production is not stable. The socalled efficiency includes two aspects: the quality of the material output of science and technology and the scope and degree of its application, with its core influencing factor being the institutional environment. In Critique of Political Economy (manuscript 1861—1863), Marx finds that the essence of capitalist reproduction is to expand reproduction, and the bourgeoisie will have an endogenous incentive to strengthen the research and development of science and technology in order to seize more surplus value in production. Moreover, the intensification of capital competition has led individual capital to continuously increase the organic composition of capital and set up barriers under the premise of market dominance, thus inhibiting the speed of scientific and technological upgrades and innovations. Private ownership of the means of production determines that the efficiency of science and technology application in the process of capitalist reproduction is far lower than its due level, thus resulting in the coexistence of absolute insufficiency and relative surplus in the production of material resources. This reflects the cyclical crisis inherent in the process of capitalist reproduction. In the socialist production process, capital and labor do not stand in strict opposition to each other, and the efficiency of scientific and technological application can be maximally released through the transformation and adjustment of production relations. Related Articles | Metrics

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On Contemporary Western Epistemic Democracy Wang Jiafeng1, Wang Ming2 2025, 59 (2):  117-130.  Abstract ( )   PDF (11172KB) ( )   In recent years, it has been witnessed an epistemic turn in the study of Western democracy. These studies, on the socalled epistemic democracy, have broken through the mainstream research paradigm of “epistemic abstinence” and begun to focus on the epistemic aspects of democracy, trying to prove the capacity of “the many” to make good decisions and seeking to justify democracy by reference to this capacity. In the nearly forty years since its emergence and development, it has roughly formed relatively mature research paths and models, and has found relatively powerful evidence of the epistemic properties of democracy, which to a certain extent has challenged the antiepistemic concept of democracy that has long existed in Western political theories. In reality, epistemic democracy has also responded to the widespread skepticism about the capacity of democracy in the Western society and thus has been attracting increasing attention, although this theory has always been at odds with the mainstream of democratic theories. In addition, epistemic democracy has also provided important reference and enlightenment for the study of democracy in China.  Related Articles | Metrics