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15 November 2025, Volume 59 Issue 11 Previous Issue   

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Theoretical Contributions of the Common Values of Humanity to Marx's Theory of Value Chen Shuguang 2025, 59 (11):  5-14.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1233KB) ( )   Different ethnic groups and cultural spheres across the world aspire for their value and ideals to gain universal recognition and become common values for humanity, yet such aspirations are seldom realized as intended. Classical writers such as Marx and Engels focused on criticizing the falseness of the socalled “universal values” of the bourgeoisie, but they did not systematically elaborate on common values or value consensus that transcend social formations. While the Chinese Communists have previously engaged in some reflection on the common values of humanity, it lacked systematic exposition. Focusing on the “universal values” that transcend social formations and the intersection of common interests of humanity, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has profoundly grasped the value consensus and greatest common denominator among different ethnic groups and civilizations within the grand context of universal global interactions and the coexistence of “one planet, two systems”. It has refined common values for humanity that surpass geographical boundaries and institutional differences, thereby formulating the principle of common values. The principle of common values accommodates the dual connotations of both universal and particular values, remedying the onesided emphasis on a single aspect in the past. By distinguishing between value concepts and their realization forms, it transcends the Western misconception that conflates the two. Furthermore, by separating ideological attributes from human attributes, it avoids the limitations of previously focusing solely on ideological perspectives. The common values of humanity represent a profound innovation in the history of human thought regarding value concepts, serving as a criterion for guiding the progress of human civilization and making a groundbreaking contribution to the development of Marxs theory of value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Theoretical Connotation and Global Significance of the Unique Conception of Democracy Embodied in the Chinese Path to Modernization Wang Jing 2025, 59 (11):  15-25.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1371KB) ( )   The unique conception of democracy embodied in the Chinese path to modernization not only provides crucial intellectual impetus for advancing Chinese modernization comprehensively, but also represents a major innovation and development to the theory of modernization in the world. Western modernization has given rise to a liberal conception of democracy characterized mainly by individualism, checks and balances, and electoral democracy. It essentially serves to maintain capital expansion and the capitalist system, with its roots in rationalism and linear historical determinism. The unique conception of democracy embodied in the Chinese path to modernization encompasses a view of democratic values that puts the people first, a view of democratic institutions featuring the people being the masters of the country, a view of democratic processes based on wholeprocess peoples democracy, and a view of democratic evaluation that prioritizes extensive, genuine, and effective governance. Therefore, the global significance of the unique conception of democracy embodied in the Chinese path to modernization is demonstrated in the following aspects. First, adhering to the materialist conception of history, it transcends Westmonopolized democracy and expands the autonomy and diversity of democratic development worldwide. Second, by upholding the mass view of history, it deconstructs the Western theory of elite creation of democracy and blazes a new path of advancing modernization through peoples democracy. Third, by persisting in the “Two Integrations”, it resolves the challenge of political order in the development of modernization and creates a new model that organically unifies democratic governance and national unity. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Forging of Its Spirit and the Construction of Its Image by the Communist Party of China during the Yan'an period He Husheng1, Cao Weiqing2 2025, 59 (11):  26-37.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1400KB) ( )   Within the Communist Party of Chinas (CPC) political discourse and historical context, the Partys spirit constitutes the inherent character of the qualities of CPC members, while the Partys image represents the external manifestation of such qualities. The two are unified in the Partys struggle, forming a dynamic whole that features both active constructiveness and historical extensibility. The Yanan period marked a crucial stage in the CPCs efforts to move towards maturity, during which a group of CPC members emerged—those with lofty ideals, firm convictions, loyalty to the Party, a commitment to seeking truth from facts, dedication to serving the people, fearlessness in the face of hardships and dangers, and resolve in exploration. During this period, the spiritual outlook and political character of CPC members were integrated and condensed into the Yanan spirit. With this as the banner, the Party built an image of leadership that guided the New Democratic Revolution to victory, a revolutionary image of leading social revolution through selfreform, and a progressive image of staying true to its original aspiration and founding mission with firm ideals and convictions. The interactive logic and valuable experience formed by the CPC in the forging of its spirit and the construction of its image during the Yanan period hold profound theoretical value and practical enlightenment for carrying forward the revolutionary legacy in the new era, consolidating the Partys core leadership, and injecting enduring spiritual impetus into the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Historical Turn in Marx's View of Morality: From the Critique of Value to the Generation of Practice Gu Qingqing 2025, 59 (11):  38-47.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1244KB) ( )   The historical turn in Marx's view of morality represents a significant facet in the establishment of historical materialism. From his youth, Marx's view of morality evolved through stages that included an ideal moral perspective integrating Christian ethics with humanism of the Enlightenment, a radical liberal moral perspective emphasizing universal rationality, and a revolutionary humanist moral perspective grounded in philosophical argumentation. As his engagement with political economy deepened and intensified, Marx developed a practical view of morality characterized by a clear orientation toward practice and a revolutionary spirit. This historical turn in his view of morality also signifies a methodological transformation—from the critique of value to the generation of practice, and from philosophicallogical analysis to historicalscientific analysis. Through the critique and transcendence of old materialist and idealist moral views, Marxs view of morality possesses a highly practical social quality, integrating scientific and valuable principles, classbased and popularoriented approaches, and realistic and idealistic approaches. Therefore, only by understanding and interpreting it within a broader historical vision and more concrete sociopolitical practices, from the perspective of practical criticism and human emancipation, can we fully unleash the practical resolve and transformative power inherent in Marxs view of morality to change the world. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Free Time Dimension in Promoting Common Prosperity in Spiritual Life Li Mengyun1, Li Mengxi2 2025, 59 (11):  48-59.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1265KB) ( )   Common prosperity in spiritual life, as a crucial aspect of common prosperity, represents a holistic spiritual state sought by the essential needs of human beings. It embodies the unity of individuals comprehensive development and the collective progress of all people, serving as a contemporary response to the peoples pursuit of a better life. In the new era, promoting common prosperity in spiritual life requires ample free time, which serves as a necessary precondition, practical foundation, and driving force for fulfilling the “multidimensional needs” of peoples inner world, ensuring “full access” to spiritual resources  and achieving “profound interaction” in spiritual exchanges. However, it is also essential to reflect on how temporal alienation under the logic of capital, time compression driven by technological innovation, and the trivialization of time in an entertainmentcentric culture may impede the realization of common prosperity in spiritual life. To this end, guided by the value of “free time”, we should leverage the positive aspects of artificial intelligence, and promote the realization of common prosperity in spiritual life through the appropriate allocation and rational utilization of free time. Related Articles | Metrics

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From “Responding to the Virtual Impact” to “Navigating the Virtual-Real Symbiosis”: An Inquiry into the Shift for Quasirealistic Society in Ideological and Political Education Lu Lan 2025, 59 (11):  60-71.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1288KB) ( )   The deep integration of the artificial intelligence revolution into the everyday lifeworld has merged the dual realms of the virtual and the real into a unified entity. This new reality permeates every corner of human social practice in an allencompassing manner, manifesting a shift towards a “quasirealistic society”. Ideological and political education is consequently transitioning from a solely physical space into an interactively quasirealistic society marked by virtualreal integration. This shift treats the “real” as a pathway to the “virtual”, thereby making interactions in virtual spaces analyzable. It leverages the phenomenon of “spatial escape” from the “real” to the “virtual” to break through the constraints of traditional physical educational spaces, and employs virtualreal integration to guard against the risk of value alienation in purely virtual spaces. This aims to achieve the dimensional elevation of value in virtual existence, creating a new type of educational field where the virtual and the real are interwoven. Experience and reflection are thus embedded into the innovative genealogy of ideological and political education. In doing so, it reveals the profound connections it shares with life, experience, and emotion, demonstrating the strength of theoretical innovation through practical implementation.  Related Articles | Metrics

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“Coordinating Development and Security” as a Driver for Disciplinary Construction of National Security Studies#br# Huang Dahui1, Wang Yuehe2 2025, 59 (11):  72-86.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1329KB) ( )   The direction and structure of systems for higher education disciplines are determined by national strategic needs. In the early period of New China, security issues were prioritized in national strategy, shaping an industry and defenseoriented discipline system tailored to the “war and revolution” era and characterized by a strong focus on preparedness for conflict. Following the reform and openingup, economic development took precedence in national strategy, leading to the expansion of disciplines such as economics, management, foreign languages, computer science, and derivative technologies to meet the demands of an exportoriented economy. A discipline system oriented towards “opening up, development, and stability” gradually took shape. In the new era, as China transitions from a large nation to a strong one, the national strategy has shifted to “coordinating development and security”. The discipline system must now not only cater to the demand for talents driven by the “new four modernizations”, the latest technological revolution, and industrial transformation, but also serve national security strategy. Efforts must be made in higher education to address security threats and risks in an era of majorpower competition, achieving selfreliance and strength in technological innovation, talent cultivation, and discourse systems. Guided by the strategic needs for coordinating development and security, the latest adjustments to the discipline system emphasize the strategic direction for scientific and technological structural reform, highlight the construction of “four new disciplines”, strengthen interdisciplinary, emerging, and foundational disciplines, and build an independent knowledge system for Chinese modernization. Disciplines centered on “comprehensive security”, with national security studies at their core, are witnessing new development opportunities. As a topdown established discipline, national security studies, guided by the holistic approach to national security, initially form a “threeinone” systematic framework. Its further highquality development requires clear leadership responsibilities, strong institutional coordination and support, and robust internal and external institutional mechanisms, which are essential for establishing a mature intellectual tradition and an academic community dedicated to national security studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Disciplinary Exploration and Construction Approach of National Security Studies Hu Ergui1, Wu Xi2 2025, 59 (11):  87-102.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1449KB) ( )   Based on existing explorations of disciplinary construction, analyzing the evolving integration of the intrinsic knowledge logic and external organizational forms of national security studies will help identify scientific pathways for advancing this discipline. Drawing on interdisciplinary generation theories and reviewing the evolution of national security studies, the discipline has progressed through phases of problemoriented research, domainspecific exploration, and preliminary framework conception. It has now entered a new interdisciplinary stage, achieving leapfrog advancements in its disciplinary paradigm, positioning, and organizational development. However, the construction of national security studies still lacks a sufficient grasp of its key propositions, research scopes, and the progressive logic of theoretical knowledge systems. The academic community remains inadequately consolidated, and institutional support mechanisms for disciplinary development remain relatively underdeveloped. To accelerate the construction of national security studies, it is essential to deepen inquiries into its core issues and systematically build its knowledge system while standardizing its external organizational frameworks. This will ensure a more robust knowledge system and sound institutional mechanisms, ultimately fostering greater maturity in its disciplinary construction.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Transcending the Logic of Capital: Innovation and Development of the Peoplecentered New-type Urbanization Strategy Yao Changcheng 2025, 59 (11):  103-118.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1396KB) ( )   The urbanization process in capitalist countries is primarily driven by the “logic of capital”, focusing on capital accumulation and spatial expansion while neglecting the fundamental “peoplecentered” nature of urban development. This has led to issues such as the prioritization of “land urbanization” over “human urbanization” and the spatial imbalance between urban and rural areas. In contrast, Chinas peoplecentered newtype urbanization strategy transcends the logic of capital and returns to the usevalue logic of spatial production. It emphasizes the coordinated development of “land urbanization” and “human urbanization”, addresses the core demands of spatial justice in usebased spaces, adheres to the principles of “collaboration, participation, and common interests”, and embodies the value orientation of “cities built by the people, for the people, and shared among the people”. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, through strengthened toplevel design, financial and social capital have been channeled into counties and rural areas. Social capital is guided to serve public needs, optimizing the provision of urban public services. By regulating capital operation rules and promoting both urban renewal and preservation, multiple approaches have been employed to effectively overcome the profitdriven and blind use of capital, ensuring the steady progress of the peoplecentered newtype urbanization strategy. The practice of Chinas peoplecentered newtype urbanization strategy offers a Chinese solution to effectively addressing structural issues, such as overurbanization and the urbanrural divide, for developing countries worldwide. Related Articles | Metrics

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How Non-productive Platforms Participate in the Distribution of Surplus Value Lin Guangbin, Xiong Youcheng 2025, 59 (11):  119-130.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1268KB) ( )   Platform economy is a new economic form based on information and communication technology in the era of digital economy. According to whether digital platforms create new value or transfer value, platforms can be divided into productive platforms and nonproductive platforms. Nonproductive platforms, by constructing a multisided market structure, can serve as commercial capital to accelerate the circulation of goods and collect commercial rent, as well as monopolists in the virtual space  to collect digital rent. This dual value capture mechanism constitutes a new mode of capital accumulation for such platforms. Nonproductive platforms have established a new type of value redistribution relationship, which, in essence,  remains the unconditional possession of the surplus value of workers and enables the infinite  growth of value . Related Articles | Metrics

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Foucault and Marx: From Capital to the Genealogy of Power Ouyang Qian 2025, 59 (11):  131-140.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1253KB) ( )   The relationship between Foucault and Marx remains a contentious issue, characterized by both their close connections and theoretical divergences, further complicated by Foucaults own contradictory and ambiguous statements on the matter. On one hand, Foucault explicitly denied being a Marxist, yet he frequently referenced—often without explicit attribution—Marxs concepts and methodologies. On the other hand, he claimed that his genealogy of power originated from Marx, particularly from the second volume of Capital, though he never provided a detailed theoretical elaboration. This paper begins with Foucaults explicit acknowledgment of the second volume of Capital to explore the intellectual course from Capital to the genealogy of power, thereby clarifying the theoretical relationship between Foucault and Marx. The discussion focuses on three key issues: first, Foucaults theoretical distinction between Marx and Marxism; second, the theoretical linkage between the second volume of Capital and Foucault's genealogy of power; and third, the  prospects of the theories of Foucault and Marx in the era of digital capitalism. Related Articles | Metrics