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16 July 2021, Volume 55 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Practical Turn of Universality: A Study of Marx's Early Critique of Political Rationality Wang Daiyue 2021, 55 (7):  5-15.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7990KB) ( )   he critique and transcendence of political rationality constituted one of Marx's early important theoretical themes. At that time, Marx equated political reason with universality. However, through the study of Hegel's logically rational state and the real political democracy after the bourgeois political revolutions, he found that the real field giving rise to universality was not the political state, but rather the civil society. In his “Criticism of Hegel's Legal Philosophy” and “On the Jewish Question”, Marx analyzed two specific forms of private property, namely land and currency. In the Middle Ages, primogeniture indicated the political significance of land; while in the modern society, currency per se possesses universality and the attribute of power. In fact, land is not the same as currency. Land is only a natural object, while currency is a product of the human labor. Based on the difference between these two types of private property, Marx revealed that although currency is universal, it does not create universality, which led him to turn to the subject of creation and the key field of universality, ie. the labor of the proletariat. This established his later theoretical focus and development direction in which the critique of economy was emphasized in the critique of capitalism. Related Articles | Metrics

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#br# A Temporal Analysis of the Operation Mechanism of Ideology: Based on Thoughts of Marx and Engels Hu Xiao 2021, 55 (7):  16-24.  Abstract ( )   PDF (6401KB) ( )   During the historical process of being interdependent and interacting with the economic and political life in a society, ideology, as a superstructure of thought, can coexist and interact with the economic and political life and therefore displays a synchronic relationship. With its relative independence, it can also precede or fall behind the development of the economic and political life, and therefore shows its own continual diachronism. Overall, ideology follows the temporal order of the social development. However, in the concrete connections with the economic base, and in the reflection and presentation of the real situation and historical trend of the social life, the components of ideology show their temporal attributes, which jointly constitute the temporal mechanism of the operation of ideology. An analysis of the temporal logic which factors in the sociohistorical attributes of ideology represents an important approach of Marx and Engels in studying the spiritual and cultural phenomena from the perspective of historical materialism. Examining thoughts of Marx and Engels in this regard is helpful for us to improve the understanding, construction, and governance of ideology in a more conscious and scientific way. Related Articles | Metrics

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Social Mobilization in Poverty Governance in the Rural China Zhang Dengguo 2021, 55 (7):  25-34.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7561KB) ( )   Over the past 40plus years since reform and opening up, China has embarked on a path of poverty governance with Chinese characteristics and of international significance, and gained unique experiences in poverty governance, including the extensive mobilization of various forces to take part in poverty governance. Presently, a social mobilization structure featuring “double tracks and double layers” has come into being in poverty governance in the rural China. It is characterized by the domination of bureaucratic social mobilization, and social mobilization through policy supply. However, it is also faced with problems including the fragmentation of social mobilization, negative effects of bureaucratic social mobilization, the imbalance between social mobilization and social participation, among other things. This paper proposes to improve the efficiency of social mobilization in poverty governance and materialize the value of poverty governance and social mobilization in realizing modernity by way of integrating the subjects of social mobilization, appropriately defining the boundary of social mobilization, and systematically transforming the social mobilization structure. Related Articles | Metrics

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How to Improve Laborers' Wage Income in China: A Preliminary Analysis Huang Wenyi, Hu Leming 2021, 55 (7):  35-45.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7783KB) ( )   Against the background that the principal contradiction in the Chinese society has changed into the contradiction between the peoples ever growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, raising laborers' wage income is crucial for the realization of a better life. Following Marx's approach, we analyze the wage movement in China since the reform and opening up based on the three dimensions of the laborforce value, the laborforce supply and demand, and laborcapital relations, which are the three essential factors contributing to the wage movement. Then we have the following implications. First, we should satisfy the living needs of laborers and improve the conditions for laborforce reproduction. Second, we should help improve laborers' quality, and promote the technological progress based on knowledge accumulation. Third, we should strive to achieve positivesum laborcapital relations and build harmonious labor relations. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Theoretical Origin, Basic Connotation and Contemporary Value of the New Model of PartytoParty Relations Zhu Xu, Jin Di 2021, 55 (7):  46-54.  Abstract ( )   PDF (6803KB) ( )   The new model of partytoparty relations originates from the thoughts on interparty relations of Marx, Engels, Lenin, and the Communist Party of China. It is an innovative development of the Marxist theory of interparty relations in the new era, in which seeking common grounds while shelving differences is the prerequisite, mutual respect is the key, and mutual learning is the goal. These three elements complement one another and together constitute the main content of the new model of partytoparty relations. The new model of partytoparty relations actively responds to changes in China and the world, provides scientific theories that keep pace with the times for the communications of political parties in the world, and is of important contemporary significance. It provides theoretical guidance for China to handle relations with foreign political parties in the new era, offers basic guidelines for promoting the construction of a new type of international relations, provides a Chinese solution for political parties around the world to properly handle interparty relations, and reveals the responsibility assumed by a great political party of a great country. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Capacity of the Communist Party of China Xiang Jingyao 2021, 55 (7):  55-66.  Abstract ( )   PDF (8603KB) ( )   The capacity of a political party does not come naturally. It is resulted from the combined effect of multiple factors, including the representativeness of the political partys interests, the effectiveness of its theory, its practical reason, and its innovativeness. The capacity of the Communist Party of China (CPC) reflects a combination of both the soft and the hard power. It has the soft power in spiritual, value, and cultural dimensions, as well as the hard power in terms of organization, mobilization, and implementation. Overall, the capacity of the CPC mainly involves the following four aspects. First, in terms of “partypolitics”, the CPC enjoys super strong political leadership: it can achieve centralized and unified leadership, and maintain orderly state governance. Second, in terms of “partytheory”, the CPC plays a prominent role in ideological guidance: it is able to create and maintain a practical consensus between party members and the masses in ideological and ideational dimensions, and unify the will to act. Third, in terms of “partymass”, the CPC has a strong grassroots mobilization ability, enabling it to effectively marshal the power of the masses and achieve strong cohesion within the party and across the country. Fourth, in terms of “partysociety”, the CPC maintains a strong social appeal and can mobilize the broadest social forces to commit themselves to the undertaking of socialist construction. The CPC has the courage to promote selfrevolution, and unceasingly strengthens its exceeding political party capacity. This political party capacity provides guidance for and fundamental support to the state capacity, and serves the overall arrangement of building a socialist modern country in an allround way. Related Articles | Metrics

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Paradigm Shifts and Problems in the Chinese Political Studies of the US Academia over the Last Seven Decades: Also on an Approach “Taking the CPC as the Method” Wang Hongming 2021, 55 (7):  67-76.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7469KB) ( )   Along with the developments and changes in the Chinese politics over the past seven decades, the Chinese political studies of the US academia have undergone four paradigm shifts. However, the increasingly sophisticated and scientific disciplinary norms and theoretical methods have failed to reliably examine the Chinese practice; instead, they have led to astonishing research findings. The fundamental reason lies in that the role of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the invariable center in the functioning of the Chinese politics, has always been declining in the paradigms of the Chinese political studies. Based on a reflection upon the Chinese political studies of the US academia over the last 70 years, this paper calls for a rediscovery of the CPC in the Chinese political studies, and “taking the CPC as the method” to investigate the real practice of the Chinese politics. This can help solve the dilemma in the current Chinese political studies, and is also favorable for political scientists in China to construct social science discourses rooted in the local practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Deliberative Democracy in the Chinese Contexts: From Creative Treason of Translation to Creative Rebirth in Practice Yan Feifei 2021, 55 (7):  77-86.  Abstract ( )   PDF (8466KB) ( )   During a short period of tenplus years since it was introduced in China, deliberative democracy has undergone a transition from the creative treason of translation to the creative rebirth in practice. The creative treason of translation is mainly revealed in the attempts of using the existing political terminology in China to translate and connect with the theory of deliberative democracy from the West, in an expectation to develop the “deliberation” resources in the Chinese political discourses and practice to give rise to a new situation of deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics. Nevertheless, such attempts are still trapped in a mode of thinking that simply embeds a model into a different space, ie. applying the Western concepts and theories as standards to the Chinese reality. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the deliberative democracy research has shown a new style, with the Chinese theories and discourses being consciously adopted by the academia to summarize and prove the features and advantages of deliberative democracy in China. The creative rebirth in practice is demonstrated in the Chinese deliberative democracy in the new era in three dimensions: the relations between the theory and practice of deliberative democracy, the driving forces in the practice of deliberative democracy, and the domains of the deliberative democracy practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Enhancing Effectiveness of the Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities: Viewed from the “Sense of Gain” Li Heliang 2021, 55 (7):  87-94.  Abstract ( )   PDF (5875KB) ( )   To solve the dilemma in the ideological and political education in colleges and universities, and find a solution to the problem of weak effectiveness, it is necessary to follow the Marxist theories and approaches and center around the “sense of gain” to profoundly reflect upon questions such as “education for what”, “how to educate”, and “what is the effect”, so as to enhance the effectiveness of education, and constantly improve audiences satisfaction with the ideological and political education. First, we should get a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the sense of gain, and continuously deepen our thinking. Second, we should aim at improving the sense of gain in the ideological and political education, and work jointly to educate students. Third, we need to organically integrate the educational contents, methods and processes, and give full play to the positive role of material things. Related Articles | Metrics

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Antagonistic Differences and  Political Identity Yang Zhidi 2021, 55 (7):  95-103.  Abstract ( )   PDF (7370KB) ( )   Starting from antagonism in politics and the internal requirements for constructing a collective identity, and based on the critique of liberalism and postmodern pluralism, Chantal Mouffe proposes a new form of political union inclusive of differences, ie. agonistic pluralism, in order to achieve partial unity on the basis of pluralism and reconstruct  political identity. This conception of democratic politics is premised upon antagonism in politics and differences in identity, targets at constructing a pluralist collective identity and a conflictual consensus, describes conflicts in the form of agonism, and tries to maintain a tension between the logic of freedom and the logic of democracy. Chantal Mouffe's discussions of the relations among political antagonism, identity and pluralism are of theoretical significance for us to correctly analyze contemporary political conflicts. But we also need carefully reflect upon the problems inherent in this agonistic pluralism model of democratic politics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gao Hongye's Economic Education Thoughts: A Review Wu Hanhong 2021, 55 (7):  104-112.  Abstract ( )   PDF (6939KB) ( )   Professor Gao Hongye was an outstanding educator in economics in the Peoples Republic of China, and one of the major founders of the discipline of Western economics. The year 2021 marks the centenary of Professor Gao Hongye's birth. Therefore, this paper makes a systematic summarization of his economic education thoughts. It argues that Professor Gao Hongye's views on and important contributions to the teaching of Western economics, his efforts on the construction of the discipline of Western economics in China, and his ideas on the development of Chinese economics have left to us not only valuable spiritual legacies but also specific forms of rich material wealth (ie. written materials). Related Articles | Metrics