Abstract: Over the past 40plus years since reform and opening up, China has embarked on a path of poverty governance with Chinese characteristics and of international significance, and gained unique experiences in poverty governance, including the extensive mobilization of various forces to take part in poverty governance. Presently, a social mobilization structure featuring “double tracks and double layers” has come into being in poverty governance in the rural China. It is characterized by the domination of bureaucratic social mobilization, and social mobilization through policy supply. However, it is also faced with problems including the fragmentation of social mobilization, negative effects of bureaucratic social mobilization, the imbalance between social mobilization and social participation, among other things. This paper proposes to improve the efficiency of social mobilization in poverty governance and materialize the value of poverty governance and social mobilization in realizing modernity by way of integrating the subjects of social mobilization, appropriately defining the boundary of social mobilization, and systematically transforming the social mobilization structure.

Key words: poverty governance, social mobilization, modernization of state governance

摘要： 改革开放40多年来，我们走出一条具有中国特色、国际意义的贫困治理道路，形成了独特的贫困治理经验，其中就包括广泛动员各种力量参与贫困治理。当前，中国乡村贫困治理“双轨双层”的社会动员结构已初步形成，展现出科层化社会动员占据主导、通过政策供给进行社会动员等鲜明特征，但也面临社会动员碎片化、科层化社会动员存在负效应、社会动员和社会参与失衡等困境。通过社会动员主体的整体性塑造、社会动员边界的适度性控制、社会动员结构的系统性嬗变，以提高贫困治理社会动员的效率，实现贫困治理与社会动员在获取现代性中的价值。

关键词: 贫困治理, 社会动员, 国家治理现代化