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主办:中国人民大学
ISSN 0257-2826 CN 11-1454/G4
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The Evolutionary Process, Theoretical Innovation, and Improvement Pathway of “Public Ownership as the Mainstay and Diverse Forms of Ownership Developing Together”: Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China
Xu Dandan, Chen Yanghui, Wang Jinqiu
Teaching and Research 2026, 60 (
3
): 71-86.
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Upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system, unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector, and unswervingly encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of the nonpublic sector are theoretical achievements that the Communist Party of China (CPC) has explored over many years and are significant theoretical innovations in the political economy with Chinese characteristics. This paper reviews the history of the establishment and evolution of the ownership structure by the CPC since the founding of New China, elucidating its profound theoretical foundation of Marxist political economy and localized theoretical innovations. By scientifically defining the new connotations of “public ownership as the mainstay and diverse forms of ownership developing together” in the new era, and deeply analyzing the new challenges arising from profound changes in the domestic and international environment and the intertwining of multiple structural contradictions, this paper proposes promoting complementary advantages and common development among all forms of ownership on the basis of adhering to and implementing the policy of “two unswervingly”. At the micro level, enterprise governance and capability shortcomings need to be addressed; at the meso level, industrial collaboration and institutional integration must be strengthened; at the macro level, institutional coordination and policy implementation need to be reinforced. Only through systematic reforms involving “microlevel empowerment, mesolevel coordination, and macrolevel guarantee” can we promote different forms of ownership from mere “formal coexistence” towards “substantive symbiosis”, thereby truly unleashing the institutional dividends of “common development”.
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The Deep Integration of Financial Capital with Digital Technology: A Defining Feature of Contemporary Financial Capitalism
Yu Mengmeng1, Zhang Xu2
Teaching and Research 2026, 60 (
2
): 117-132.
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191
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The evolution in the forms of financial capital serves as a crucial basis for assessing the development and transformation of financial capitalism. A defining feature of contemporary financial capitalism lies in the deep integration of financial capital with digital technology, where the two act as mutually reinforcing drivers and are profoundly advancing across institutional, corporate, and market domains. This process manifests in the digitization of financial institutions, the financialization of platform enterprises, and the collaborative expansion of financial capital and digital technology into broader financial markets. Using digital platforms as intermediaries, financial capital has established a complex rentseeking mechanism in nonmaterial production sectors, evolving from “monopolistic rentseeking” to “digital rentseeking”. The global exploitation of surplus value has intensified through financial hegemony and data hegemony. The deep integration of financial capital with digital technology has led to increased instability in the global financial system and further widened the global wealth gap, forming new mechanisms of accumulation and predation in contemporary financial capitalism.
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Exploring the Evolution of the Ideological and Political Education Process from the Perspective of “AI+”: An Analysis Based on People, Content, and Methods
Xu Rong1, Zhou Xuan2
Teaching and Research 2026, 60 (
1
): 122-131.
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The evolution of the ideological and political education process is an objective historical progression. Its development not only adheres to educational laws but also reflects the characteristics of the times. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and its continuous empowerment of ideological and political education have given rise to new forms and characteristics of this educational process. Examining this transformation from three dimensions, i.e. people, content, and methods, we can deepen our understanding of the “digital existence” of human beings and the shifts in their cognitive patterns under the influence of AI technology, discerning what changes and what remains constant. We can gain a thorough insight into how AI technology promotes the precision, personalization, diversification, and dynamism of ideological and political education content, while also making the educational process more open and less controllable. Furthermore, we must fully grasp the opportunities AI technology brings for transforming ideological and political education methods, and skillfully foster the deep integration of AI technology with ideological and political education, which are essential paths to promoting innovation, reform, and highquality development of the ideological and political education process.
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Historical Narratives of Significant Meetings of the Communist Party of China: A Case Study of Party Congresses
Song Xueqin1, Wei Weicen2
Teaching and Research 2026, 60 (
1
): 68-81.
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Significant meetings of the Communist Party of China (CPC) constitute a fundamental topic that distinctly characterizes the studies of CPC history, among which the National Congresses hold the most representative significance. Since the earliest texts on the studies of CPC history, a narrative approach and historiographical model centered on significant meetings, particularly Party congresses, as chronological milestones in the Partys history, have been established. The resolutions adopted at these significant meetings, as well as the historical evaluations of the meetings themselves, have profoundly shaped and symbolically reflected the overall assessment of specific phases in CPC history. The prominent weight accorded to meetings in the writing of CPC history stems from the Partys organizational structure and the defining features of the studies of CPC history, thus possessing a certain degree of historical legitimacy. In this regard, rather than deliberate rejection, scholars should seek innovation, actively exploring new narrative frameworks for CPC history that are more analytically robust and capable of integrating meetings with broader societal transformations, individual experiences, local practices, and others alike.
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Guiding the Construction of China's Independent Knowledge System with the Party's Innovative Theories
Tao Wenzhao1, Xu Linfang2
Teaching and Research 2026, 60 (
1
): 40-54.
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Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era plays a guiding and navigational role in constructing Chinas independent knowledge system. It establishes the fundamental orientation, provides core content, and clarifies the developmental trajectory for this endeavor. The construction of Chinas independent knowledge system enriches and strengthens the systematic and theoretical articulation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Grounded strategically in a discipline system, centered on an academic system, and expressed through a discursive system, this “threeinone” integrated framework, where discipline, academic, and discursive systems are mutually reinforcing, helps consolidate the intellectual and normative dimensions of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, as well as its originality and practicality, its national character and global relevance, and its holistic coherence and systemic integrity. Guiding the construction of Chinas independent knowledge system with the Partys innovative theories embodies an organic unity of purposefulness and conformity with objective laws. Following the logical approach of “tracing origins, absorbing external elements, and facing the future”, it is essential to accelerate the construction of Chinas independent knowledge system in the process of advancing the systematization and theorization of the Partys innovative theories for the new era.
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China's National Resilience in the Process of Globalization
Liu Xuelian, Xiao Chenhui
Teaching and Research 2025, 59 (
9
): 84-96.
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In the era of globalization where the profound changes unseen in a century are accelerating, national resilience has become an important measure of a countrys capabilities as a subject in the context of risks facing its international relations and a fundamental prerequisite for the country to balance security and development and remain competitive in the international community. Chinas national resilience building in the process of globalization has evolved through three stages: the stage of actively integrating into globalization in the early years of reform and openingup, the stage of enhancing capabilities of risk response after joining the World Trade Organization, and the new stage of promoting the reform of the international order and the shaping of globalization through indepth participation in international affairs since the new era. Going forward, the improvement of Chinas national resilience will focus on rebuilding cognition, expanding openingup, promoting reform, enhancing strength, and deepening concepts. In the process of actively participating in and adjusting the global order, it will coordinate development and security, promote the positive transformation of the international system, and achieve the coordinated mutual promotion of national governance and global governance.
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A Critical Analysis of Global Governance Reform Driven by the Global South
Zhu Xu, Wang Tianyu
Teaching and Research 2025, 59 (
8
): 109-121.
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The current global governance system is facing problems such as the imbalanced power architecture, insufficient supply of governance mechanisms, and inadequate implementation of effective governance values, making it difficult to effectively address global challenges. As a collective of emerging economies and developing countries, the “Global South” is becoming an important collective force for promoting global governance reform that focuses on enhancing representation and voice, reshaping fair rules, and innovating governance models in key areas. However, the “Global South” faces multiple challenges in the process of promoting global governance reform: the longstanding power gap between the North and the South, the collective action dilemma within the “Global South” itself, and the maintenance of the existing hegemonic order by Western countries and their differentiation strategies towards the “Global South”. Therefore, the “Global South” needs to take the enhancement of its comprehensive strength as foundation, deepen regional governance and practical cooperation in specific governance areas, and actively participate in existing initiatives to promote gradual reform, ultimately achieving transformation towards a more just and rational global governance architecture.
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Industrial Policy and Industrial Development Capabilities of Global South Nations in Green Energy Value Chains
Xu Yanran
Teaching and Research 2025, 59 (
8
): 93-108.
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199
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Since the 20th century, the global economic system has undergone profound structural transformation, with international trade gradually shifting from the traditional division of labor based on final products to a new paradigm centered on production tasks, thus promoting the formation and expansion of global value chains. Against this backdrop, developed countries usually dominate the free trade system, while countries in the Global South often participate in a passive or subordinate manner. However, with the expansion of global production networks, some Southern countries, leveraging their resource endowments and policy support, have gradually gained more active roles in areas such as green energy. The reshaping of global value chains provides a new development model for the energy industry, and the rise of green energy has gradually transformed the position of Southern countries in the international division of labor from the periphery to the center. Comparing the cases of China and Brazil, this paper analyzes the impact of their industrial policies on industrial development capabilities (the innovation level, manufacturing capacity, market scale), and further explores the differences in the positions of countries in the Global South in green energy value chains. These Southern countries cultivate industrial development capabilities through autonomous, balanced, and dependent industrial policies, thus presenting different development paths of leapfrogging, advancing, or stagnation within the global value chains. Through comparative case analysis, this paper reveals how countries in the Global South can upgrade their green energy industries through industrial policies and gain greater industrial competitiveness in the global value chains.
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Theoretical Positioning and Practical Requirements of the Institutional Reforms Related to Party Building
Ding Junping, He Xuanda
Teaching and Research 2025, 59 (
4
): 5-16.
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337
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Deepening the institutional reforms related to Party building provides a strong endogenous driving force and institutional guarantee for comprehensively advancing the reform cause. It holds great significance for resolving the unique challenges faced by a major party, advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and accomplishing the Partys central tasks on the new journey in the new era. Current research on the institutional reforms related to Party building still has potential for further development. There is a need to strengthen the systematic approach in theoretical studies, clarify the theoretical positioning of the institutional reforms related to Party building, and define its practical requirements. From a theoretical perspective, “the Party building system”, “the institutional reforms related to Party building”, and “deepening the institutional reforms related to Party building in the new era” occupy distinct positions and carry profound implications within their respective institutional systems, operational frameworks, and strategic arrangements. From a practical perspective, to further deepen the institutional reforms related to Party building on the new journey in the new era, we must adhere to and strengthen the Partys overall leadership, persist in arming the entire Party with the Partys innovative theories, uphold the political and organizational functions of Party organizations while giving full play to the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members and cadres, and focus on institutional development as the main thread, placing greater emphasis on combining the abolishing of outdated systems with the establishment of new ones or establishing the new before abolishing the old.
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Distinctive Themes, Intrinsic Qualities and Constructive Focuses of the Discourse System of Ideological and Political Education in the New Era
Gu Chao, Wang Xuejian
Teaching and Research 2025, 59 (
3
): 81-90.
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The discourse dimension constitutes an endogenous issue within ideological and political education. Constructing a robust discourse system has served as the central focus of the Communist Party of Chinas centurylong praxis in ideological and political education and the development of the discipline of ideological and political education over the past four decades. From the perspective of the theme of the times, the discourse system of ideological and political education in the new era focuses on the theme of rejuvenation around achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the theme of educating people around enhancing ideological and political guidance and clearing doubts, the theme of debate around competing for discourse power in international communication, and the theme of digital intelligence around adapting to the new round of information technology revolution. In terms of intrinsic qualities, the discourse system of ideological and political education presents the generative qualities of realism, subjectivity and knowledge, the elemental qualities of political discourse, academic discourse and life discourse, and the transformative qualities of rationalization, popularization and increased engagement. From the perspective of construction focuses, it is necessary to strengthen the value orientation of the discourse system in adhering to the mainstream ideology, consolidate the theoretical foundation of the discourse system in building an independent knowledge system, strengthen the substantive foundation of the discourse system through globallyacclaimed achievements, and draw cultural nourishment for the discourse system from the preservation of Chinese civilization.
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On the “Remaking” of China's Modern State and the Transformation of County Governance from the Perspective of Historical Political Science: Also a Review of A Study of County Governance under the Nanjing National Government#br#
Wang Xutian, Gao Junjie
Teaching and Research 2025, 59 (
12
): 77-90.
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145
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County governance, as the cornerstone of greatpower politics, is a foundational and crucial part of China's modern statebuilding. The Kuomintang's “state rebuilding”, as a form of statebuilding during a specific historical period, interacted with and shaped the transformation of county governance. The notion of “state rebuilding” proposed by Sun Yatsen emphasized implementing local autonomy at the county level to achieve modern statebuilding based on the “Three Peoples Principles”. However, the Kuomintang later deviated from Sun Yatsens vision of “state rebuilding”, leading to distortions in the transformation of county governance. From the grand historical perspective of Chinas modern statebuilding, the state rebuilding and the transformation of county governance led by the Kuomintang could only be transitional. The Communist Party of China has achieved state rebuilding and the reconstruction of county governance through thorough social revolution, and its model of “county governance by and for the people” has been evidently a historical leap. This study takes history both as its object and methodology, offering a novel interdisciplinary perspective and understanding from the perspective of historical political science for comprehending and interpreting the theories of Chinas modern state and local politics.
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On the Ideological Attributes of Embodied Intelligence
Wen Xu
Teaching and Research 2025, 59 (
12
): 66-76.
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165
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Embodied intelligence refers to a technical system that relies on physical entities to achieve intelligent growth through interaction with the environment. Its development and application have transcended the scope of pure technology, demonstrating distinct ideological attributes in aspects such as value orientation and cognitive construction. From the perspective of technological logic, embodied intelligence centers on an interactive loop of perception, decisionmaking, and action, deeply permeating everyday life and evolving into an ideological carrier that combines technical intermediaries with value transmission properties. From the perspective of communication mechanisms, relying on embodied presence experience, it transforms the human body into a medium of communication, thus achieving efficient information transmission and implicit ideological discipline. From the perspective of operational patterns, it encourages the presentation of ideology characterized by embodied discipline, focused operation, and immersive infiltration. In the process of developing and applying embodied intelligence, it is essential to integrate mainstream ideology into its operational logic: technically, we should solidify the value foundation through data calibration, align algorithms to control the decisionmaking direction, and innovate communication paths through interactive empowerment; practically, we should unleash its effectiveness through scenariobased integration and multimodal interaction, firmly grasp the embodied discourse power, and strengthen the safeguards for national ideological security.
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The Influence of On Contradiction on the Reconstruction of Dialectics by the French Left-wing Academics
Zhang Xiuqin, Xu Guantao
Teaching and Research 2024, 58 (
9
): 113-123.
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Since the 1960s, French left-wing philosophers have made a large number of philosophical interpretations of On Contradiction that are distinctively theoretical, diverse, and radical. French scholars have closely combined On Contradiction with the theoretical themes of French Marxism, which are to revive dialectics and oppose dogmatism and mechanical determinism. Humanists and structuralists have engaged in a fierce theoretical confrontation over how and to what extent to reconstruct the dialectical theoretical system with the concept of contradiction. The new generation of radical leftwing scholars in France have analyzed the process of contradictory movement in more detail and tried to find ways to activate the struggle over dialectics.
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The Connotation, Mechanism and Value of the Integration of Ideological and Political Education
Xu Jiahui, Huang Rongsheng
Teaching and Research 2024, 58 (
9
): 54-63.
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592
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deological and political education objectively permeates political life, economic construction, social progress, cultural heritage, talent cultivation, and international exchanges, revealing a profound prospect for the integration of ideological and political education. The integration of ideological and political education permeation is rich in connotation, which, as an inevitable and universal phenomenon, has a strict and stable content structure and an integrated element map, showing an open and progressive development trend. The activation of integrating genes by scientific theories, the creation of integrating channels by diversified practices, the shaping of integrating forms by process elements, and the provision of integrating power by functional intentions constitute the internal occurrence mechanism of the integration of ideological and political education. The integration of ideological and political education has made innovative contributions to promoting the unity of knowledge, belief, and action of the Partys theoretical innovations, developing the integrated practice model of the Partys ideological and political work, promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture of moral education, and creating a scientific expression of the independent knowledge system of ideological and political education.
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On the Three Dimensions of Upholding the Party's Leadership over State-owned Enterprises
Ji Xuhui
Teaching and Research 2024, 58 (
8
): 102-116.
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447
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Upholding and strengthening the overall leadership of the Party over stateowned enterprises is an important part of upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party over economic work. The theoretical logic behind this proposition and ways of the Party in exercising leadership over stateowned enterprises are major theoretical issues that need to be studied. According to the basic principles of Marxist political economy, capital is a production relation, and stateowned capital also reflects a production relation. From the perspective of the relationships between the state and enterprises, capital and labor, and capital and capital, exploring the theoretical logic and profound connotation of the system of the Partys leadership over stateowned enterprises under the socialist market economy will help better understand the ways of the Party in exercising leadership over stateowned enterprises and the mechanisms of embedding Party organizations in enterprises into corporate governance structure. This will also help integrate the basic principles of the Partys leadership over stateowned enterprises into the theoretical system of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.
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The Value Connotations of Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively
Qin Xuan
Teaching and Research 2024, 58 (
8
): 5-12.
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638
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Further deepening reform comprehensively is a major strategic decision adopted by the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that is related to the overall development of the cause of the Party and the country. Further deepening reform comprehensively is of great significance for upholding and improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, implementing the new development philosophy, better adapting to the change to the principal contradiction in Chinese society, adhering to the peoplecentered approach, allowing the gains of modernization to benefit all people fairly, responding to major risks and challenges, advancing the steady and longterm development of the cause of the Party and the country, promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, seizing the strategic initiative in the face of changes unseen in a century that are unfolding at an ever faster pace, advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era, and building a stronger and more powerful Marxist party.
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From “Movement” to “Activity”: The Evolution of Forms of Intraparty Intensive Education Initiatives by the Communist Party of China
Song Daolei, Zhang Xue
Teaching and Research 2024, 58 (
7
): 91-102.
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Intraparty intensive education initiatives are an important way for the Communist Party of China to promote selfreform. The “movement” and “activity” are two forms of intensive education initiatives within the Communist Party of China, and there are both connections and differences between the two. Looking back on the history of the Party, intraparty intensive education initiatives has undergone a transition from “movement” to “activity”. The evolution of forms of intraparty intensive education initiatives is the result of the interaction of multiple factors such as ideas, key junctures, the institutional environment and original path. The evolution is not about a complete replacement between forms, but the result of inheritance, development and innovation of intraparty intensive education initiatives as an important way for the Partys selfreform. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Xi jinping as the core has carried out intraparty intensive education initiatives at critical junctures, achieved a series of achievements, strengthened the Party building, and improved the Partys governance and leadership capacity. In new era and new journey, we must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, persist in carrying out intraparty intensive education initiatives, and constantly elevate the Partys selfreform to a new height.
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Motivations, Experiences and Prospects for the Construction of Legal Protection for Patriotic Education in the New Era
Wu Jun, Xue Tianhan
Teaching and Research 2024, 58 (
4
): 63-72.
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The promulgation of the Patriotic Education Law of the Peoples Republic of China is a milestone in the construction of legal protection of patriotic education in the new era. The new challenges facing the countrys ideological security and the new problems in the field of patriotic education urgently require us to give better play to the role of rule of law in consolidating foundations, ensuring stable expectations, and delivering longterm benefits, and to adopt the ruleoflaw thinking and methods that can effectively cultivate the spirit of patriotism and standardize patriotic education. Over the past ten years, China has adhered to the Partys overall leadership, ensured the practice of the rule of law in combination with the rule of virtue, and insisted on building a legal system of patriotic education with the Constitution as the core, forming a basic paradigm of patriotic education. In the new era and new journey, it is necessary to continue to optimize the normative system of patriotic education, give full play to the coordination of multiple and standardized forms of the rule of law, promote the typology and concreteness of judgments concerning patriotism in the judicial process, and promote the highquality development of the construction of legal protection for patriotic education.
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Practical Exploration and Theoretical Origin of Reforms for the Market-based Allocation of Production Factors: From “Eight-Eight Strategy” to Xi Jinping's Economic Thought
Sun Xuefen
Teaching and Research 2024, 58 (
3
): 5-18.
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The “EightEight Strategy” is an important exploration and practice of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in Zhejiang, which provides an important ideological, theoretical and practical foundation for the formation of Xi Jinpings economic thought. As an important part of the reform of the socialist market economic system, reforms for the marketbased allocation of production factors are not only an important component of the institutional reform as priorly stated in the “EightEight Strategy”, but also an important part of Xi Jinpings economic thought. Guided by the “EightEight Strategy” and through the implementation of Xi Jinpings important instructions on the reforms for the marketbased allocation of production factors during his work in Zhejiang, reforms for the marketbased allocation of production factors in the province for the last two decades have reshaped its new institutional advantages to get a head start, become a vital source of Xi Jinpings economic thought, and thus provided theoretical and policy implications for the profound advancement of a new round of reforms for the marketbased allocation of production factors.
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A Study on the Reproduction of Labor Power under the Digital Economy
Ma Shenxiao1, Zhang Yuanxuezhan2
Teaching and Research 2024, 58 (
12
): 118-129.
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The booming digital economy has profoundly affected the reproduction process of labor power while reshaping production technology, production organization, and labor process. Based on the Marxs theory of reproduction of labor power, this paper applies Lebowitzs dual circulation model of capital and wage labor to systematically examine the new changes in the reproduction process of labor power under the digital economy. We find that, first, digital products have enriched the range of living materials for workers, and the education received by workers has shown a polarized trend. Second, digital production and consumption activities have blurred the boundaries between production and consumption, and labor relations have become increasingly unstable. Third, the financialization of labor power reproduction and the socialization of housework have accelerated, and the new business model in the digital economy requires the improvement of the social security system. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has made remarkable achievements in promoting the development of digital economy at the national level. In order to promote the digital economy to serve the highquality economic development, various social entities should make efforts to make sure the reproduction of labor power go smoothly, continuously fill the regulatory gaps in the field of the digital economy, and guide the healthy development of the digital economy. 《教学与研究》2024年总目录
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Leveraging “Big Ideological and Political Courses” to Promote the Construction of Values
Xu Qinfa, Chang Jie
Teaching and Research 2024, 58 (
1
): 58-66.
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Big ideological and political courses” are a new form of ideological and political courses developed in response to the new stage, new concept, and new paradigm of development in China. It is a product of the times that integrates ideological and political courses with real life and social development. The “big ideological and political courses” focus on shaping values of youths. For the youths, different periods of growth, different living environments, and different stages of cognition imply the diachronic and malleable characteristics of value construction; and the multifaceted nature of things and the plurality of values determine the multidimensionality of the way they construct values. On this basis, we should integrate “ideological and political courses” into the real life of young people, using family, school, government and society as carriers to explore the “root”, “method”, “degree” and “domain” of the construction of their values. We should also join forces to guide them to establish correct value cognition, accurate value judgment and clear value choice, and to guard their respective drainage canals and plant their respective responsibility farmland, in order to achieve the fundamental goal of “leveraging” such courses.
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Further Discussion on the Relationship between Distribution according to Work and Distribution according to Factors
Rong Zhaozi, Wang Yaxuan, Li Yanfen
Teaching and Research 2024, 58 (
1
): 42-57.
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Distribution according to work is a unique distribution system of socialism, while distribution according to factors is a ubiquitous distribution mechanism in market economies. In the context of the socialist market economy, the system under which distribution according to work is the mainstay while multiple forms of distribution exist alongside it has two implications: first, the coexistence of different distribution forms in economies with diverse forms of ownership; second, the coexistence of the system of distribution according to work and the market mechanism of distribution according to factors. The distribution system and distribution mechanism are categories at different theoretical levels. The socalled distribution according to factors is such a distribution mechanism: owners of production factors obtain income in market transactions according to factor prices; owners of capital obtain profits; owners of land obtain land rent; and owners of labor forces obtain wages. This mechanism applies to both nonpublic and public economies. Distribution according to work is a distribution system that is only applicable to socialist public ownership, and the same as the system of distribution according to capital in the private economy, which are both implemented in the form of distribution according to factors. On the one hand, the public deduction of labor products is realized through market mechanisms such as profits and interests from public capital and rent on public land; and on the other hand, the distribution of personal consumer goods according to work takes the form of monetary wages.
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On the Ethics of Belief during the Period of Socialist Revolution and Construction in China
Liu Yu, He Xuqin
Teaching and Research 2023, 57 (
5
): 60-68.
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During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the ethics of belief have been formed, in which ultimate values, political ethics and social ethics are mutually supported and interpenetrated. With holistic structures, they are an important part of cause of fostering a strong sense of the Chinese nation. They are not only the subjective revolutionary spirit and sublime ideal, but also the objective ethics rooted in the social structure, so that all the people can find their places in the grand and shared blueprint of the country. While ensuring a coordinated national response institutionally, the people have all been pulled together spiritually that an independent and substantial industrial system took shape under the conditions of external blockade and dire poverty, and become masters of the country. In the new era, only by inheriting and carrying forward the ethics of belief and enhancing the governance efficiency and mobilization capability of the Party Central Committee to “exercise overall leadership and coordinate the efforts of all” through establishing Comrade Xi Jinpings core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, can the Chinese society resist the risks brought about by multiple and complex contradictions and deal with the siege of the West.
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Theoretical Guidance and Practical Greatness of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
Wu Zhicheng, Xu Jingyi
Teaching and Research 2023, 57 (
5
): 5-12.
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Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has gained profound insight into the major trends of China's and the world's development in the new era and established Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, which has opened up a new realm of Marxist diplomatic theory and provided a scientific guide for pursuing majorcountry diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, the Chinese diplomacy has effectively responded to grave, intricate international developments and a series of immense risks and challenges, created a favorable international environment for realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, achieved a historic leap as regards China's relations with the world, and made an important contribution to promoting world peace and development. The 20th National Congress of the CPC has further enriched and developed Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, depicted a grand blueprint for pursuing majorcountry diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts in the new era, and made new strategic plans for promoting the development of a community with a shared future for mankind. Majorcountry diplomacy with Chinese characteristics will surely continue to create new historical glory and make new and greater contributions to promoting the building of a better future for mankind.
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On the Three Realms of Teaching of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Universities and Colleges
Xu Rong, Chen Zhenmei
Teaching and Research 2023, 57 (
4
): 55-62.
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568
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General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on adhering to the principle of “continuous efforts, longterm success, and perfect goodness” in the reform and innovation of teaching ideological and political theory courses puts forward new tasks and requirements for the construction of ideological and political courses in universities and colleges. In the teaching of ideological and political courses in universities and colleges, we should make continuous efforts in enriching the ideological and theoretical content and enhancing the affinity and pertinence of ideological and political courses, strengthening the ability of the teaching staff, making hearttoheart communications, and continuously optimizing teaching modes. We should also make unremitting efforts in standing firmly with the country, targeting the youth and continuing the innovationdriven approach, thereby constantly opening up new realms of teaching ideological and political courses in universities and colleges on the new journey.
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Social Criticism from the Perspective of Biopolitics: The Biopolitical Conception in Marcuse's Critical Theory
Ouyang Qian , Xu Jiyuan
Teaching and Research 2023, 57 (
3
): 123-130.
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639
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Among contemporary Western critical theories of society, the critical theory developed by the Frankfurt School is unique because of its distinct political standpoint. As one of the most prominent members of the Frankfurt School, Marcuse produces his version of critical theory of society that outlines an alternative plan for radical social change under the guidance of his biopolitical conception. Combining the perspectives of Marxism, existentialism, Freudianism, the New Left and others alike, and referring to the experience of contemporary Western new social movements, Marcuse discusses the dialectics of liberation that the society transitions from repressive civilization to nonrepressive civilization. He regards biopolitics as the politicization of erotic energies and the resistance initiated by individual bodies and minds, and labels it “firstperson politics”. From this firstperson biopolitical perspective, Marcuse puts forward a theory of human liberation that is different from the classic Marxist theory, and thus to a certain extent, has influenced the New Left's theory of social change today.
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The Whole-process People's Democracy and the Development Path of Chinese-style Modernization
Chen Xuelian, Lu Jie
Teaching and Research 2023, 57 (
3
): 93-102.
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Modernization is the transitional process of human societies moving from traditional to modern ones through industrialization, democratization and rationalization. Historical experience shows that there are a variety of paths and models of human societies' modernization processes. Based on China's own history, culture and tradition, the Chinese-style modernization is the modernization that is adapted to its unique national conditions and development stage, combining tradition and modernity, featuring material and spiritual integration, and pairing institutional modernization with human modernization. From the dual dimensions of human modernization and institutional modernization, the development of the whole-process people's democracy is the essential requirement of the Chinese-style modernization. The wholeprocess people's democracy has been gradually enriched and institutionalized in practices, and surpassesed the electoral democracy in terms of theoretical construction. Taking the path of the Chinesestyle modernization requires the development of wholeprocess people's democracy, in order to solve the problems of governance in super-large-scale economies, achieve common prosperity through highquality development, continuously enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness and security, and surpass the simple “anthropocentric” or “eco-centric” approach, promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and adhere to the path of peaceful development amidst the great power competition.
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On the Basic Issues of “Marxism in the 21st Century”
Han Qingxiang, Wang Xuezhi
Teaching and Research 2023, 57 (
3
): 5-15.
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1109
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It has been more than seven years since General Secretary Xi Jinping officially put forward the important proposition of “developing Marxism in the 21st century”. In the past few years, prior studies have rarely explored the proposition, let alone give an indepth theoretical explanation. Since 2021, scholars have started to make discussions theoretically, and they have also been able to express their views on some of the basic issues. However, so far, there are still many vague understandings about some basic issues of “developing Marxism in the 21st century” that provide unclear explanations. This article takes an explanatory approach that sees history from a broader perspective, based on the theoretical framework of “adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and to the needs of our times”, tries to understand the historical and logical starting point of the origin of Marxism in the 21st century, and discusses issues concerning the relationships between Marxism in the 21st century and that adapted to the needs of our times, between Marxism in the 21st century and that in contemporary China, between Marxism in the 21st century and that in the 19th and 20th centuries, between Marxism in the 21st century in China and that overseas, between Marxism in the 21st century and the questions posed by China, by the world, by the people, and by the times, between Marxism in the 21st century in China and the Chinesestyle modernization, between the new form of human civilization and a community of shared future for mankind, between Marxism in the 21st century in China and the transformation of philosophical paradigms in the 21st century, and that Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is Marxism in the 21st Century, among others.
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A Comparison of Marx's and Wittgenstein's Perspectives on Society and Culture
Zhang Xueguang
Teaching and Research 2023, 57 (
2
): 105-113.
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Although Karl Marx and Ludwig Wittgenstein both lived in the same age of modernity, they, in view of the differences in problem focus and degree of development of the times, had quite different attitudes toward a series of social and cultural issues, and had profound but different implications for future generations. Based on the theoretical need to develop a practical materialism and the serious social horizontal conflicts in the early stage of modernity, Marx attached great importance to the decisive role of social existence on cultural concepts, emphasized the profound influence of science and technology on social production and culture, and held a comparatively radical attitude towards the evolution of cultural forms. However, in the face of the historical task of defending the independence of language and culture and the historical vertical conflicts of different cultural forms in the midterm of modernity, Wittgenstein paid more attention to the description of spiritual life, objected to the erosion of science and technology into social values, and adhered to a comparatively conservative attitude toward the existence and continuation of culture. Therefore, we need to analyze the similar but differentiated positions and solutions of Marx and Wittgenstein against the background of modernity, and explore the complementary role and positive significance of their original ideas in solving the cultural problems of our times.
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On the Integration of Ideological and Political Education from the Perspective of the Chinese Path to Modernization
Wang Xuejian, Xu Man
Teaching and Research 2023, 57 (
11
): 66-74.
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The integration of ideological and political education is the product of the innovative development of ideological and political education and the development of the times. In the context and field of Chinese modernization, the integration of ideological and political education embodies its own unique development logic and displays rich content. Specifically, under the requirements of pursuing the Chinese road to modernization, the integration of ideological and political education demonstrates the function of transformation, the role of value guidance, the utility of spiritual production, the value of cultivation and nurturing, and the effect of its guiding and radiating role. To explore the construction of integrated ideological and political education from the perspective of the Chinese path to modernization, it is necessary to develop a collaborative model with advancing the Chinese path to modernization as the goal and theme, improve the service level amidst the significant advantages of the Chinese path to modernization, and enhance the scientific and technological support using intelligent technology in the pursuit of the Chinese path of modernization.
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