Abstract: The definition and identification of research subjects not only pertain to the disciplinary attributes and position of the discipline of ideological and political education, but also profoundly influence the construction of its disciplinary system and development trajectory. In academic history, representative perspectives such as the “law-based perspective”, “phenomenon-based perspective”, “relationship-based perspective” and “activity-based perspective” have revealed certain attributes and characteristics of the research subjects in ideological and political education studies from different dimensions. However, they have consistently failed to fundamentally demonstrate their selfconsistency and uniqueness. Grounded in the disciplinary attributes and independence of the discipline of ideological and political education, its research subjects should be defined as issues of ideological and political education, iea perspective termed the “problemoriented perspective”. In addition, to meet the demands of deepening research and achieving highquality disciplinary development, we propose the necessity of further differentiating research subjects into material objects and formal objects, in order to clarify the disciplinary stance and boundary while making clear its irreplaceable academic identity and value in the production of disciplinary knowledge. Therefore, building on the clarification of the research subjects, we should highlight the disciplinary thinking and stance through differentiating material and formal objects, promote the production of disciplinary knowledge around the issues of ideological and political education, and facilitate the transformation of disciplinary construction from a systems paradigm to a practiceoriented paradigm.

Key words: research objects, issues of ideological and political education, material objects, formal objects

摘要： 对研究对象的界定和确认，既关系思想政治教育学的学科属性和学科定位，又深刻影响思想政治教育学的学科体系建构与发展路向。学术史上所出现的“规律说”“现象说”“关系说”“活动说”等代表性观点，虽在不同维度揭示了思想政治教育学研究对象的某些属性和特征，但却始终未能从根本上凸显其自洽性和独特性。基于思想政治教育学的学科属性和独立性，我们秉持思想政治教育学研究对象应界定为思想政治教育问题的观点，即“问题说”。同时，为适应深化研究和学科高质量发展的需要，我们认为有必要将思想政治教育学研究对象进一步区分出实质对象与形式对象，以此明晰学科立场和学科边界，阐明其在学科知识生产中不可替代的学科身份和学术价值。因而，要以澄明研究对象为基础，在区分实质对象与形式对象中彰显学科思维和学科立场，围绕思想政治教育问题促进学科知识生产，推动学科建构从体系范式向实践范式转化。

关键词: 研究对象, 思想政治教育问题, 实质对象, 形式对象