The political report of the CPC Nineteen National Congress put forward that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered “a new era”. The “new era” is a contemporary manifestation of the movement of the contradiction between productive forces and production relations at the primary stage of socialism in China, and it is also an important investigation content of political economics. Facing the new era, it is of great significance for us to understand and grasp Xi Jinping thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era so as to strengthen the study of the whole character of the political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics, especially the study of its characteristics. This paper combs six aspects of the political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. That is: socialism with Chinese characteristics, including the essence of political economy, ownership structure, distribution, development, market and global view.