The academic study of Marxs theory of freedom and liberation began in the early 1980s, which discusses humanitarianism and alienation, and formed two research ideas of humanism and Marxism. After more than 30 years of continuous evolution, a variety of research perspectives, paradigms and methods have emerged. This multidimensional perspective and interpretation greatly promoted the theory of Marxs theory of freedom and liberation and even the whole Marxist philosophy theory. But the pattern of coexistence and confrontation between humanitarianism and Marxism, alienation view and materialist conception of history has not changed, which in recent years has been even more and more intensified. The “real man” is not “man”, which is a theoretical paradox that the dissimilation history can not get rid of. Under the new historical conditions, reaffirming the essential difference between historical materialism and alienation view of history is of great theoretical significance and practical value no matter for the construction of socialist core values or for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.