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20 July 2005, Volume 39 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Economic Incentives for the Demand to Raise RMB Values and Adjustment of Relevant Policies CHEN Xiang-guang 2005, (7):  5-10.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1181KB) ( )   The favorable balance in China’s foreign trade and our increasing reserves of foreign currency have turned out to become incentives for a demand that the value of RMB be raised. However, the claim that the need for raising the RMB value lies in the low exchange rate of RMB is not well grounded. Instead, the most crucial cause for this situation has come from the relative low value or price of the Chinese laborers, which in turn gives rise to some direct and indirect effect. Therefore, the right policy is not to change the RMB exchange rate, but to adjust the relative value or price of the laborer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rapidly Increasing Reserves of Foreign Currency and Adjustment of Exchange Rate Policies WANG Jian 2005, (7):  11-15.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (374KB) ( )   Reserve of foreign currency is the results of macro-economic operation, and it functions as a general indication of income and expenses of international trade. On the other hand, the scale of foreign currency reserve influences macro economy in many aspects. With the further progress of reform and opening-up to the outside world, the effect of the increasing scale of foreign currency reserve becomes obvious. In fact, it inserts both positive effect and negative effect. For this reason, it is necessary that we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the rapidly increasing foreign currency reserves, readjust policy of exchange rates, so that we can expect to turn the negative aspects into positive ones, and thus promote development of both domestic economy and foreign trade. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Two Orientations to Criticism of“Modernity”—— On basic Differences between Marx’ Criticism of Capital and Discourse of Modem Philosophy LUO Qian 2005, (7):  16-22.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1484KB) ( )   This paper maintains that criticism of modernity in discourse of modern philosophy today focuses mainly on the ideological side, which tends to consider the spirit and principles of enlightenment as the most internal aspects to account for the dilemma of modernity. When Marx criticized the capitalist modern ideology, the author reasons, he referred to the category of capital to conceptualize modernity, and interpreted the essential principles and construct of the modern existence theory in the light of historical materialism. However, discourse of modern philosophy failed to understand the meaning of Marxist category of capital, and then unconsciously, if not consciously, refers to it as an economic theory of reversion. While doing so, they consider Marxist theory a theory of modernity to adhere to or criticize. Consequently, the founding significance of Marx’ criticism of modernity gets lost. This article analyzes the basic differences between Marx’s criticism of modernity by referring to capital and the modern discourse that is so popular nowadays, and emphasizes the critical position of Marxist ideas in modern criticism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Incompleteness of Contract and Its Impact on Economy CHEN Chi-ping 2005, (7):  23-29.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (778KB) ( )   Contracts can be divided into complete contract and incomplete contract. Incomplete contract is the core for understanding organizational factors. In an extreme view no contract can be absolutely complete. In fact, the degree of incompleteness of certain contracts has gone beyond the scope of which limited rationality is capable of interpreting. Incompleteness in contracts caused by limited rationality and incompleteness caused by deliberate high degree of incompleteness due to consideration of efficiency has different impact on economy. The former will give rise negative aspects while the latter will eliminate such negative aspects. The degree of incompleteness of contracts depends on considerations into these aspects by both parties involved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Institutional Innovation: Risks and Options CHEN Zhong, REN Xu-gang 2005, (7):  30-33.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (595KB) ( )   On the one hand, institutional innovation is meant to cope with, avoid, and eliminate risks. Thus, risks can provide important motives for innovation. On the other hand, institutional innovation can be risky, and it may lead to more extended and more serious risks. In this sense, the relationship between institutional innovation and risks should be dialectic and interactive, with development as the ultimate goal. The baseline of institutional innovation is survival, and the basic principles for institutional innovation are to ensure existence and sustainable competence as a whole. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sustainable Development: Assessing the Current Situation of Globalization ZHANG Qi-xue 2005, (7):  34-38.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1111KB) ( )   Sustainable development and globalization are the strategic choice of all countries, and the world as well, for purposes of more thorough development. But when sustainable development and globalization are both addressed, these two do not appear to be in harmonious terms, that is, to a certain extent. Sustainable development under circumstances of globalization is actually very vulnerable, for the simple reason that in practice these two follow conflicting ideas. For instance, fair and equal versus unequal exchange, restriction versus expansion, internalized environmental cost versus making use of outside resources, to name only a few. The author concludes that successful sustainable development requires that the whole society make joint efforts to establish a globalization frame supported by ideas of sustainable development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Institutionalism and China’s Political Economics YANG Long 2005, (7):  39-45.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (962KB) ( )   This paper offers a review of major schools of new institutional economics and main ideas of new institutional politics in the west. In the review, the author discusses characteristics of these theories, analyzes methodology of new institutionalism, addressing both political studies and economics. Guidelines for methodology such as institution-determinedness, wholism and integration of multi-disciplinary methods are elaborated on. The author recalls the introduction, spread and development of new institutionalism in China, and points out its influence on China’s political studies and economics. For example, research methods and research subjects are renewed and extended, a wave of institutional innovation is in progress, and the concept-dependent approach becomes popular. At the end of the paper, the author concludes that there are limitations in application of new institutionalism to China’s political economic analysis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Logical Point of Departure in Arrangement of Political Institution ZHAO Hu-ji 2005, (7):  46-51.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (843KB) ( )   Institutional arrangement means regularization of people’s behavior and establishment and maintenance of certain order. The author reasons that establishing and maintaining order requires regulation of people’s behavior. First, power is a necessary evil. So, behaviors of the people with power should be regularized. Secondly, conflicts and cooperation are the basic model of human behaviors. To establish and maintain order requires that people’s behaviors be regularized so that cooperation can be promoted. Meanwhile, activities aimed at benefits may continue but should be in accordance with the social order. Thirdly, human rationality is limited, for humans are of a mixture of sensitivity and rationality. We cannot expect a man to be reasonable all the time. It is likely that man might behave badly and break the order. Therefore, human behaviors must be regularized before order can be established and maintained. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Some Propositions on Socially Necessary Labor and the Relation between Labor Productivity and Magnitude of Value LIN Gang 2005, (7):  52-58.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (838KB) ( )   This paper demonstrates some basic propositions of labor theory of value, including those on the two definitions of socially necessary labor, and on the relation between labor productivity and magnitude of value. Except the proposition that the average labor productivity of one sector is inversely proportional to the value of unit commodity, some other propositions, that the ratio of value conversion is in proportion to the individual labor productivity of a firm, and that the magnitude of value of total output of one sector has nothing to do with the sectoral labor productivity are densely argued. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Yan Fu’s Ethical Concept in “TIANYAN LUN” and Its Influence on Chinese Traditional Concept of Ethics TIAN Wei, HU Wei-xi 2005, (7):  59-63.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1288KB) ( )   While existing studies on Yan Fu’s evolutionary theory are from the perspective of history of social politics, this paper attempts to discuss the issue from the perspective of the history of academic thoughts. The author points out that Yan Fu has established a new moral concept of “TIANYAN LUN” that breaks through the traditional Chinese ethic. In his theory are examples of the progress from studies of the heart to studies of the mass, from human nature to evolution, from self-perfection to seeking material gains, from the theory of good or evil to theory of suffering and happiness. The author holds that Yan Fu’s contribution is fundamental. He has set up the basis for the historic progress of the Chinese modern ethics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comment on Meanings and Characteristics of the Modern Concept of People’s Right HAN Ying-jun 2005, (7):  64-70.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1111KB) ( )   Civil rights in modern China is a revolutionary term that stands for the idea of anti-autocracy. The concept of civil rights in modern China inherits and reforms the people-oriented traditional value concept, and selectively borrows relevant aspects in western political studies. As a considerably complicated item with different meanings in different historical situations, it has special implications that not only relates to but also distinguishes from the normally recognized values such as democracy, human rights, freedom, equality and so on. The Chinese concept of modern civil rights is marked by the following features: utilitarianism, idealism and collectivism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Security under Circumstances of Globalization: Two Different Understanding and the Causes LI Xue-bao 2005, (7):  71-77.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (954KB) ( )   With the further progress of globalization and the emergence of non-traditional security problems, people begin to ponder on and criticize the traditional studies of security and the conventional concept of security characterized as state-centric, military-oriented and self-reliance approaches. Consequently, new concept of security came into being, which has led to changes in subjects to be concerned, causes of insecurity, and means to guarantee security. Various countries therefore begin to adjust and restructure their own security strategies accordingly. However, due to divergence in political and cultural traditions, in perception of menace in reality, and in security interests, the Chinese still hold a different understanding of the new security concept from that of the west. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Studies in History of The Chinese Republic ZHAO Li-dong 2005, (7):  78-84.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1584KB) ( )   History of the Chinese Republic as a new discipline has made rapid progress in recent years. This paper offers a review on the general progress of this field, new findings concerning various issues, and development of new research areas as well. The author points out that not only have the traditional research areas such as political history and diplomatic history achieved much progress, but weak areas like economic history and social history have attracted more attention from researchers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Approaches to Establishing Harmonious Society WANG Wei 2005, (7):  85-89.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1100KB) ( )   To establish a harmonious society we must first of all clarify the ideas of “peace”and“approach that leads to peace”. Traditionally, peace has been an essential concept of the Chinese colure. It emphasizes establishment of harmonious and peaceful situations in which people from different parties maintain good terms. With the passage of time, this concept has experienced the development stages of achieving peace through the golden mean and courtesy As a result, uniform is achieved but peace is not. By contrast, the western culture emphasizes peace on the basis of differences and conflicts with the essential concept being striving to succeed within an institutional framework.“Establishing socialist harmonious society”is an attempt to develop the useful and discard the useless in both the Chinese and western traditions. In this sense, a harmonious society should be one with interests and benefits evenly distributed, systematically operated guaranteed by law. The author concludes that the basic approach to establishing harmonious society is through democracy and rule by law on the basis of perfection of contract. References | Related Articles | Metrics