Abstract: In his late years,Engels elaborated in his letters on his ideas about Marxist philosophy explained in his work "Ludwig Feuerbach and End of Classical German Philosophy".He held that economic and social development was the source of ideas in philosophical studies,and explained the profound connotation of "force of history" in the light of dialectics.These ideas had once been criticized by western Marxist philosophers like Althusser and Korsch.An examination of these critiques may help reveal the spirit of the time as described by Engels’ historical materialist interpretation.Studies of the letters on historical materialism by Marx and Engels respectively shows that while Marx and Engels had the same point of departure in inspecting social life and history,they differed in the perspectives,ways of thinking,and styles of expressions.

Key words: Engels, historical materialism, letters

摘要： 晚年恩格斯关于历史唯物主义的书信进一步阐发了他在《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》中对马克思主义哲学的系统阐述,不仅表明经济社会发展是哲学研究的思想来源,而且以辩证法的笔触论证了"历史合力论"的深刻内涵。恩格斯在历史唯物主义书信中的相关表述一度遭到阿尔都塞、柯尔施等西方马克思主义哲学家的批评,分辨这类批评的正当与过度,可以清楚地把握恩格斯历史唯物主义阐述的时代精神。同时对比马克思关于历史唯物主义的书信,可见马克思恩格斯考察社会生活的历史视域的出发点和落脚点是一致的,但在关注角度、思辨方式与表述风格方面存在一定的差异。

关键词: 恩格斯, 历史唯物主义, 书信