Abstract: By inheriting the enlightenment principles of creation and promotion in criticizing modern alienation,historical materialism interprets the future history as being composed of freedom and liberation.However,guarding existence has been highlighted to be the basic ontological task against the precarious abyss of the capital.Thus,salvation and liberation constitute the dual themes of historical materialism in the contemporary period.The author remarks that the theme of salvation is closely related to the intrinsic nature and consolidation of historical materialism in the contemporary time.

Key words: existence, alienation, death, creator, guardian

摘要： 承续启蒙主体性之创造性和推动性原则,在对现代存在异化的批判中,历史唯物主义将未来之历史理解为自由和解放。然而,在由资本规定的当代生存之岌岌可危的深渊中,作为类的死亡将"守护存在"突出为基本的存在论任务。救亡与解放一道构成历史唯物主义在当代的双重主题。救亡主题之纳入,事关历史唯物主义之内在本质及其在当代的巩固。

关键词: 存在, 异化, 死亡, 创造者, 守护者