The way of enjoying the fruits of social development is a new and eternal problem. In the history of mankind there are generally two ways of “group enjoyment” and “private enjoyment”. The capitalist society in which Marx lived implemented the “private enjoyment” of the development fruits. The fruits of social development were privately enjoyed through “fair and justice”. But Marx perceived the hypocrisy and Ideological attribute of the “private enjoyment” of capitalism, and made a comprehensive critique of the facts of alienated labor. The purpose of criticizing “private enjoyment” is not to return to the “group enjoyment”, instead, Marx proposed the Communion of development fruits based on the communist society, which demands that all members of society share the social products on the basis of the means of production, the individual ownership of the society and the production of joint labor through the distribution according to work and the distribution according to needs. In the practice of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, understanding and grasping Marx’s communion thought lies in transforming his theoretical views into practical strategies and policies for the distribution system and the development of productive forces.