The Millennium Development Goals are the most extensive poverty reduction action in human historyOn the basis of the Millennium Development Goals, the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda puts forward the grand goal of ending extreme poverty in the worldChina proposed the ‘shared development concept’ to eliminate extreme poverty in the “13th FiveYear Plan” periodTo accomplish this arduous task, the evaluation and analysis of the progress of implementation of the Millennium Development Goals in China and in the world has extreme significanceIt is as well essential for us to understand the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and the Chinese economic policy in the futureThis research firstly analyses the achievement, experience and deficiencies of the Millennium Development Goals, as well as the distinguishing features and potential difficulties of the Sustainable Development AgendaThinking from the Chinese perspective, this research suggests that China must face the challenges such as economic growth, environmental degradation, social development imbalance, governance capacity and the everchanging international economic environment in order to successfully implement the Sustainable Development AgendaFurthermore, this research argues that China should combine the grand goal of building the welloff society in an allround way with the 2030 Sustainable Development AgendaLastly, this research states that China should manage the challenge actively by creating economicinnovationdriven engine, improving economic benefits, participating in international cooperations for a more prosperous social development