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20 June 2009, Volume 43 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Individuals and Society in the Course of Reducing Poverty in China——From the Perspective of Social Mutual-construction Theory ZHENG Hang-sheng, LI Mian-guan 2009, (6):  5-10.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1183KB) ( )   Like the fundamental theories of sociology,the research on poverty-reduction theory,a branch of sociology,also displays binary opposition: the paradigm of individualism and the paradigm of social structure.In response to the two paradigms in general,the practice of reducing poverty in China may also be classified into two paradigms: individual-oriented poverty-reduction paradigm and social structure-oriented poverty-reduction paradigm,which represent two different stages in the course of reducing poverty in China respectively.Since the theory of social mutual-construction was put forward in response to the traditional binary opposition in sociology,it also has great power in the explanation of the binary opposition in both practice and theory of poverty-reduction.With the theory of social mutual-construction as the rationale,the practice of reducing poverty in China should put more emphases on the dual participation of individuals and society,multiple interaction,and the links that connect systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Meeting the Challenge of Poverty in the 21st Century with Active and Innovative Policy-making——The Phenomenon of Structural Poverty in China’s Urbanization Process YANG Min 2009, (6):  11-15.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1035KB) ( )   Since the latter part of the 20th century,urban poverty is growing rapidly along with the urbanization process and a new phenomenon of urban poverty has appeared.People have realized that this social problem cannot be merely ascribed to failure in administration or institutional consequences,but to its structural causes which are more closely associated with the urbanization process,changes in the urban settings,the current mode of economic growth,the way of social development,and the forms of cultures.The phenomenon of structural urban poverty suggests that the conventional manners of governance such as good wishes and moral actions cannot thoroughly solve the problem.What we need are more positive,tough and innovative policies in order to get ready for dealing with urban poverty for a long period of time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Social Policy and Anti-Poverty:International Experience and the Chinese Practice LI Ying-sheng, NIE Qi 2009, (6):  16-21.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (998KB) ( )   The authors maintain that since the implementation of the reform and open-up policies marked progress in anti-poverty policy-making has been achieved.However,considering the new tendency and characters of anti-poverty policies abroad,ours have showed many defects.The shift of focus has lagged behind,relevant policies are made only by a single body of organization,involvement on the part of the subjects is insufficient,the level of open-up is low,the operational measures are traditional,to name a few.It is an urgent task that we refer to international anti-poverty policies to promote reform and innovation of our own. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Social Work in Poverty Alleviation:Opportunities and Approach XIANG De-ping, YAO Xia 2009, (6):  22-26.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (852KB) ( )   Social work can play an important role in poverty alleviation.The current poverty alleviation policy in China has not broken away from the influence of the traditional government relief policy.To overcome this defect involvement of professional social work is needed.The authors maintain that social work can greatly contribute to improving the poverty alleviation policies and help the target population to raise their capability to deal with problems.This paper attempts to analyze the important function social work can perform,and discusses opportunities for involvement of social work and the approach to be taken. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Productivity Examined under Historical Materialism WANG Feng-ming 2009, (6):  27-33.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (2300KB) ( )   In the historical course of Marxist theory on productivity the two books The German Ideolosy and Letter to Annenkov are of great significance.Inspired by socialist economists from Great Brain and France,Marx had added completely new ideas to the concept of productivity.Using this as a point of departure,he also interpreted the nature and the general principles of man,social existence and historical development in the light of historical materialism,overturning the principles and theoretical logic of old philosophical concept of history.However,being a type of abstract thinking,this idea has not yet grasped the concrete and historical development of productivity in reality,especially in the capitalist society,although it no longer merely expresses a surface perception as was the case with 1844 Economy Philosopy Manuscript and Commentary on Friedrich List’s book Das national System der Politischen; konomie.Marx’s realization of concrete thinking was completed in The Capital Theory and its Manuscripts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Essence of Equalizing Basic Public Services LIU Qiong-lian 2009, (6):  34-40.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1034KB) ( )   The institutional hypothesis of granting social justice in basic public services consisting of the objective structure system,the subjective structure system and the value structure system can offer a theoretical foundation for the government to realize cooperation with the market and the society and promote equalization of basic public services.To reach this goal,priority should be put on social justice and institutional harmony.Institutional harmony is the premise of social justice,and social justice does not only mean formal equality but also substantial equality.The key to equalization of basic public services lies in the government’s function to guarantee the fundamental rights of all the members of the society.It requires that further reform be carried out to raise the institutional level of the government,actualize the commitement of the government,perfect the spirit of service on the part of the government,and establish a cooperative social governance system in line with the demands of a cooperative society.This is the direct application and actual operation of Rolls’ concept of justice in China in speeding up social construction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Economic Effect of Financial Innovation HU Hai-feng, LUO Hui-liang 2009, (6):  41-47.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1145KB) ( )   Financial innovation is a double-edged sword.On the one hand,it may have the positive effect of raising the efficiency,enriching the financial instrument,promoting unification of the financial market,contributing to financial reform and promoting economic development.On the other hand,it may also leave the negative effect of reducing stability of the financial system,increasing the risk of financial system,lowering financial monitoring capacity,dysfunctioning of the monetary policy,and endangering the infection of financial crisis.Therefore,it is necessary that world-wide efforts be made to expand international cooperation and properly deal with the negative effect of financial innovation by means of strengthening financial monitoring,establishing crisis early warning system and raising the effectiveness of monetary policies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance in Regional Economic Development:an Analysis Perspective Based on Social Capital CUI Wan-tian, ZENG Yong, MA Zhe 2009, (6):  48-55.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (2371KB) ( )   The differences in the performance of regional economic development have been attributed to differences in material capital,human resources capital,policy and social systems.At the surface level,imbalance in regional economic growth has resulted from comparison of one or two advantageous aspects.But at a deep level this is the consequence of the function of a potential resource,that is,the social capital,which can integrate the advantages of various aspects within the region.An analysis of the major forms of social capital and its relation with regional economic growth reveals that imbalanced regional economic development is highly correlated to differences in social capital.High quality social capital is beneficial to regional economic development,while poor quality social capital may prevent regional economic growth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Different Positions of Creditor Country under Different Hegemonic Systems of Great Britain and the United States WANG Jue 2009, (6):  56-62.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1534KB) ( )   Claims and debt is a means of contending and interaction among countries.This relation functions differently under the British hegemonic system and the American hegemonic system.The claims function as a means to maintain the British hegemonic system,and represent a move at the time of hegemony shift.In this way,the creditor country is a challenger of the British hegemonic system.Under the American hegemonic system,however,the claims do not reflect the American hegemony.It is the debt that functions to maintain the American hegemony,and the creditor country has to help the US to maintain its hegemonic position.Therefore,whether a country is the creditor or the debtor does not indicate the position that country holds in the international system.The author concludes that one should not refer to the history of the American success under the British hegemonic system to predict the future of the creditors under the American hegemonic system,or suggest the changing mode of hegemony today. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gramsci on Intellectuals:A Re-examination [UK] Noel E. Boulting 2009, (6):  63-68.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (2217KB) ( )   Dualisms are an anathema to those forwarding a tripartite philosophy.To regard Gramsci simply as confronting the idea of "organic" with "traditional intellectuals" is to do a dis-service to his thought.Rather,he distinguishes between traditional,organic and critical organic intellectuals.That latter conception can be further elucidated in relation to five specific difficulties his analysis raised at the time of his articulation of the distinction between these three kinds of intellectual.These difficulties were: ⅰ) the nature of the consciousness to be raised by the critical organic intellectual’s activity;ⅱ) the prospect of conformism;ⅲ)the role of such an intellectual to potential addressees;ⅳ) the concept of the intellectual worker;ⅴ) the substitution of humanistic,more global cognitive perspectives by specialized disciplines.These five difficulties,originating in Gramsci’s exploration of the role of the critical organic intellectual,are still very much with us today.Two problems arise as a result of presenting Gramsci’s position in this way: a) What is the basis of the lack of comprehension in the addressee of the critical organic intellectual’s activity? b) How can the standpoint such an intellectual is likely to take,in Marxist terms,arise today? References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Modern Credit Capitalism and Cyclical Financial Crisis LIU Ming-yuan 2009, (6):  69-74.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (799KB) ( )   As the credit economy develops to an advanced stage,more advantageous opportunities are open for the expansion of capital.From the horizontal dimension the utility efficiency is raised,and from the vertical dimension a tremendous virtual economy is created.Under condition of such an economy,a larger scale of credit surplus accompanies the cyclical production surplus,and a higher degree of financial crisis accompanies the cyclical production surplus crisis.This change in the economic crisis of capitalism points to new dimensions of researches for us to understand the economic crisis of capitalism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Rise of the Participatory Democracy in the EU with Theoretical Reflections ZHENG Chun-rong 2009, (6):  75-81.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (2204KB) ( )   Since the mid 1990s,the EU institutions,while engaging in eliminating the EU democratic deficit,have rediscovered the value of civil society.The "EU Constitutional Treaty" and,later,the "Lisbon Treaty" even incorporated formulations about participatory democracy.This article points out that the discourse and practice of the participatory democracy in the EU have two distinct features: one is that the EU is not concerned about the direct involvement of every citizen,but their indirect participation through civil society organizations;and secondly,the EU does not take participation as the intrinsic value of individual citizen,but as a means to increase the problem-solving ability in the complex governance arrangement.It is precisely these characteristics that determine that in the EU as a suigener is the participatory democracy should and could only be seen as a complement,rather than a substitute to the representative democracy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and Limitations of China’s UN Diplomacy PU Ping 2009, (6):  82-87.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1489KB) ( )   UN diplomacy is an important part of Chinese diplomacy.It plays an indispensable and all-round role when China devotes herself to peaceful development and promoting construction of harmonious world.China’s zigzag course of development and multifaceted identity lead to a unique and striking characteristics of China’s UN diplomacy.This not only helps China to gain sufficient room for participation in international political and economic affairs,promotes realization of China’s strategic goals in foreign affairs,but also contributes to establishing China’s international position as a responsible big power.However,there are obstacles to overcome for further development of China’s UN diplomacy in terms of willingness to participate,capability,experience and the reality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Violation of International Norm in International Politics HUANG Li-hong, CAI Jia-he 2009, (6):  88-94.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1359KB) ( )   There are many disagreements of violating international norms research.Rational school suggests that states violate international norms because they are against national interest.Constructivism school supposes that bias of decision makers leads to violating international norms.Meanwhile,there many criteria and parameter of international norms,which make it possible for states to violate international norms.The ambiguity of international norms and bias of decision makers are the mainly reason for violation.The article analyzes the reasons for violating international norms to bridge the theory of rational school and constructivism school. References | Related Articles | Metrics