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20 April 1998, Volume 32 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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China’s Foreign Trade: Tendency, Changes, and Trend of Reform Research Group of RUC Economic Studies Report Liu Zhenya 1998, (4):  5-13.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1165KB) ( )   Rapid development has taken place in China’s foreign trade since 1978, achieving wider scale, better structure, and fundamental changes in position in the scene of international trade. However, there remain some serious drawbacks such as problems in periods of dramatic rise and fall, and trading conditions are not substantially improved either. Nonetheless further reform in the structure of foreign trade has intensified competition. As a result macro control of foreign trade has turned from direct command to indirect guidance. Meanwhile, management of foreign currency has been reformed, and responsibility system of operation under contract is set up in foreign trade, too. There are still unsolved problems, though, in scale management, internal execution, and property right structure. Measures should be taken to deepen reform in foreign trade in the microscopic view, namely, strategic reorganization of state-owned foreign trade enterprises, promotion of share holding system and industrialization of small and medium sized foreign trade enterprises, standardizing operation of foreign trade agency, giving impetus to scale management and perfection of property right system, administration and operational mechanics in foreign trade enterprises as well. To deepen reform in the macroscopic view, measures should be taken in perfection of import tax reimbursement and foreign currency exchange mechanics in order to create an optimal environment for further reform and development of foreign trade. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Countermeasures and Suggestions on How to Solve Social Problems Today Research Group of RUC Social Development Report Zhang Jianmin, Fan Bin 1998, (4):  14-19.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (872KB) ( )   This article holds that spread of social problems should be taken seriously. On the whole solution of social problems depends on deepening the reform and general progress of the society in a long run. At present, in the struggle against corruption, we should not only emphasize the importance of self-governing, but also reinforce discipline by others. A network of supervision based on supervision inside the Party should be strengthened, keeping every economic deed and every economic segment under control in the name of law and regularity. The fundamental solution to unemployment lies in economic development. Reform may prompt new models of employment, set up unemployment insurance characteristic of the Chinese style, linking insurance and employment in an attempt to push forward development of unemployment insurance through establishment of a new systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-polarization in World Politics and Strategic Competitions among Big Powers after the Cold War Xi Runchang 1998, (4):  20-24.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1143KB) ( )   Since the end of the bipolar pattern a worldwide multipolar structure with the US, Europe, Japan, China and Russia at the lead has emerged. Until 1993 intensive rivalry among the big powers cited above had been in progress when each of them resorted to a different strategy to win dominance or initiative after the Cold War. There had been the strategy of “a world of unipole” by the US, the strategy of “European confederation” and “world Center” by Europe, the “three-polar” strategy of Japan, US and Europe by Japan, the strategy of “multipolar pattern” by China, and the strategy of Russia-US “bipolar” strategy by Russia. Since 1993, the US, Europe, Russia and Japan have adopted a realistic attitude and made adjustment to their own strategies, while China alone maintains a consistent attitude of being “one pole” in the “multipolar” structure, which proves to be the only strategy that is correct. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Historic Analysis on Interruption of the Course of Market Economy from 1949 to 1956 Zhao Lingyun 1998, (4):  25-29.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1043KB) ( )   Between 1949 and 1956, with the establishment of a highly centralized and unified planned economy, the course of developing market economy in China was interrupted. This process of interruption was completed in two stages. That is, the period between 1949 and 1952 when progress of market economy was slowed down, and the period between 1953 to 1956 when the progress was completely checked. The immediate cause for this interruption is development of planned economy, which left deep impact on social and economic development in China, and led to solidification and ossification of planned economic system, sped up the course of “three big reforms”, promoted realization of the single-ownership structure, cut of the links between industrialization, modernization and development towards market economy. This is the basic historic cause for the dying out of China’s new democratic economy at infantry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Summary of Research Findings on “Market Economy and Construction of Ethics” in 1990s Gong Qun 1998, (4):  30-35.  DOI: Abstract ( )   PDF (1494KB) ( )   This article summarizes and analyzes research findings on “market economy and construction of ethics” in the 1990s. As long as evaluation of social ethics is concerned, the article maintains, the “theory of cost” fails to recognize dialectically antinomy of economy and ethics, the “theory of landslide” and “theory of climbing” diverge in understanding of ethnic tendency of market economy, while “theory of ethical demoralization” implies that there is room for logical exploration in normalization and regularization of ethics. As for views concerning human characters in activities of market economy, “theory of landslide” distinguishes “economic person” and “ethical person”. “Theory of climbing”, on the other hand, emphasizes that sense of citizenship based on market economy is one of the major support of modern ethics. With regard to requirement of moral criterion under market economy, both “import” and “intraconnection” are partially right. The modern society should make close inspection of the principles of fairness and utility, placing principles of economic ethics and other social ethics appropriately. When it comes to views over basic ethics under market economy, the article advocates conformity of individual interests to general interests of the society, market collectivism as the author puts it. Research in new ethical issues such as humanitarian, justice, balance of economy, politics and ethics, and multi-subjectivity and multi-values should all be stressed. References | Related Articles | Metrics