Abstract: The establishment of the concept of social relations is seen as a sign that Marx's “new worldview” transcends Feuerbach's philosophy of “Gattung”. In order to grasp the formation process of social relations and its logical mechanisms, it is necessary to re-examine the ideological connotation of Theses on Feuerbach in the context of the crisis of “Gattung”. In his famous work The Essence of Christianity, Feuerbach attempted to integrate self-alienation and intersubjectivity into the concept of “Gattung” in order to accomplish the task of liberating the real man from theology. Feuerbach's philosophy of “Gattung” was soon criticized by Stirner and Hess and fell into crisis. In order to overcome the crisis of “Gattung”, Marx elaborated the mechanism of the interrelationship of “objective activity-social relations” in Theses on Feuerbach, thereby proposing a new scheme beyond Feuerbach's philosophy of “Gattung”.

Key words: Theses on Feuerbach, objective activity, Gattung, Young Hegelians

摘要： 社会关系概念的确立被视为马克思的“新世界观”超越费尔巴哈类哲学的标志。要想把握社会关系概念的形成过程和逻辑机制，需要在“类”的危机的大背景下重新考察《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》的思想内涵。费尔巴哈在其成名作《基督教的本质》中试图将自我异化和主体间性两个不同的要素结合在类本质概念之中，以完成将现实的人从神学中解放出来的任务。不久，费尔巴哈的类哲学就遭到施蒂纳和赫斯等人的批判而陷入危机之中。为了克服“类”的危机，马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中阐述了“对象性活动-社会关系”的相互关系机制，从而提出了超越费尔巴哈的类哲学的新方案。

关键词: 《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》, 对象性活动, 类本质, 青年黑格尔派