Abstract: An important prerequisite to understanding the rich connotations of the new form of human civilization is a solid grasp of the major difficulties and contradictions encountered in the development of human civilization. The idea of “new” in the “new form of human civilization” is demonstrated in the investigation and detangling of these major difficulties and contradictions, among which the issue on the relationship between “market rationality” and “social rationality” is of great significance. An indepth exploration of and an adequate response to the contradictions between “market rationality” and “social rationality” are important starting points for Marxist philosophy to reflect on modern civilization and explore its future development. Marxist philosophy has consciously realized that the transgression of “market rationality” over “social rationality” is a major contradiction of modern civilization, and has made indepth reflections on its consequences. Based on the understanding of “social rationality”, reconstructing the relationship between “market rationality” and “social rationality” represents a major breakthrough for Marxist philosophy to reflect on modern civilization and seek the development direction of human civilization. It provides the following implications: coordinating and balancing the contradictory relationship between “market rationality” and “social rationality” properly is an important topic and core content in understanding the new form of human civilization, and also remains an important growth point for the advancement of contemporary Marxist philosophy.

Key words: market rationality, social rationality, a new form of human civilization, modern civilization

摘要： 要深入理解人类文明新形态所蕴含的丰富内涵，一个重要前提是深入把握人类文明发展过程中遭遇的重大困境和矛盾，“人类文明新形态”之“新”，正体现在对这些重大困境和矛盾的反思和扬弃之中。在这些重大困境和矛盾中，“市场理性”与“社会理性”的关系问题具有重要的地位。深入探究并回应“市场理性”与“社会理性”的矛盾，构成马克思哲学反思现代文明并探求其未来发展的重要切入点。马克思哲学自觉意识到了“市场理性”对“社会理性”的僭越是现代文明的重大矛盾，并对其所产生的严重后果进行了深入的反思。以“社会理性”为支点，重构“市场理性”与“社会理性”的关系，构成马克思哲学反思现代文明，寻求人类文明发展方向的重大突破口。这启示我们：以合理的方式协调和平衡“市场理性”与“社会理性”的矛盾关系，构成人类文明新形态的重要课题和核心内容，同时也是当代马克思主义哲学向纵深推进的重要生长点。

关键词: 市场理性, 社会理性, 人类文明新形态, 现代文明