Abstract: One of Marxs major criticisms of Hegel is on the relationship between state and civil society, which deals with a very important problem, that is, the relationship between ones freedom and his/her right over property. The concept of freedom and justice could be regarded as the central idea of bourgeois revolution, and Hegel conceives that the free will is the basis and origin of right. Freedom is also one of the core values of Marxs pursuit of socialism and communism. Different from Hegel, Marxs understanding of freedom starts from the economic relations in the real world. The difference in research methods leads to the different point of view on the relationship between freedom and property rights, which launches the prelude to debate between Marxism and liberalism.

Key words: freedom, property, idea, reality

摘要： 马克思对黑格尔在国家与市民社会关系上的颠倒与批判，涉及一个非常重要的理论问题域，即人的自由与其财产所有权之间的关系。自由概念与公平正义概念一起可以看做是资产阶级革命理念的核心内容，黑格尔从自由意志推论出个人财产权的合法依据。自由同样是马克思追求未来社会主义、共产主义社会的核心价值观之一，与黑格尔的思维方式不同，马克思对自由涵义的理解从现实社会的经济关系出发。研究方法的不同使得马克思与黑格尔之间对自由与财产权之间的关系在认识上存在着分歧，这一分歧拉开了马克思主义理论与自由主义理论论争的序幕。

关键词: 自由, 财产, 观念, 现实