Abstract: Heidegger is a great admirer of material historical conception. However, as his interpretation of “labor" is made against the modern context he criticizes material historical conception as, after all, a kind of humanitarianism which presumes that “man is a kind of rational animal". Actually, both “labor" and “survival" have discarded the metaphysical idea about the abstract nature of man as individuals. And this is just where modernity of Marxist philosophy lies.

Key words: human nature, labor, survive, significance in world history, modernity

摘要： 海德格尔对唯物史观推崇不已,认定唯有它达到了在存在中把捉历史事物的本质性的存在论境域,唯有共产主义尚能追赶正在加速展开的世界历史天命。但由于他对 劳动 "作了近代语境的解读,因而不无矛盾地批评唯物史观终究是预设 人是理性动物"的人道主义之一种,并认为人的本质不在理性或生物性而在 生存"。其实, 劳动"与 生存"均扬弃了旧形而上学那种作为单个人所固有的抽象物的人的本质,因为对世界历史意义的道说现在是在其本真的存在方式上而不是在所谓 绝缘的主体"上进行的。马克思哲学之当代性当作此理解。

关键词: 人的本质, 劳动, 生存, 世界历史意义, 当代性