Abstract: Ownership of the means of production lies at the core of the relations of production and determines the fundamental nature and direction of social development. At present, in the course of accelerating the building of a highstandard socialist market economy system, certain misconceptions still exist regarding the status of and relationships among economic sectors under different forms of ownership, and these call for further clarification. On the one hand, debates and discussions concerning the dominant position of public ownership reflect both peoples keen attention to the intrinsic link between the socialist nature of the state and the publicownershipbased economic foundation, and the necessity of reaffirming the basic theoretical proposition that “public ownership plays the dominant role”. On the other hand, regarding the epistemological issues surrounding the nonpublic sector in the socialist market economy, it is necessary, on the basis of dispelling such erroneous views as “the state advances while the private sector retreats”, “the exit of the private sector”, and the “expedient measure” theory, to grasp the status and role of the nonpublic sector from the perspectives of social wealth and social foundation. At the same time, oriented toward a highstandard socialist market economy and guided by the principle of “complementing each others strengths and developing together”, promoting the highquality development of economic sectors under different forms of ownership, particularly consolidating the ownership foundation for cultivating new quality productive forces and for making solid progress toward common prosperity for all, has become the developmental direction for upholding and implementing the “two unswervings”.

Key words: high-standard socialist market economy, public ownership, non-public ownership, highquality development, the “two unswervings”

摘要： 生产资料所有制是生产关系的核心，决定着社会的基本性质和发展方向。当前，在加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的过程中，对于不同所有制经济的地位和关系问题仍然存在一定的认识误区，有待进一步澄清。一方面，关于公有制主体地位的争议和讨论，既表现出人们对于社会主义国家性质与公有制经济基础内在关联的高度关注，又反映出对于“公有制为主体”的理论常识重申的必要性；另一方面，关于社会主义市场经济中的非公有制经济的认识论问题，在对“国进民退论”“私营经济离场论”“权宜之计论”等错误观点澄清的基础上，有必要从社会财富和社会基础等角度来把握非公有制经济的地位和作用。与此同时，面向高水平社会主义市场经济，在“优势互补、共同发展”的导向下推动不同所有制经济的高质量发展，特别是夯实新质生产力和全体人民共同富裕迈出坚实步伐的所有制基础，成为坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”的发展趋向。

关键词: 高水平社会主义市场经济, 公有制, 非公有制, 高质量发展, “两个毫不动摇”