Abstract: The transformation of Marx's theory of production reflects the logical evolution of Marx's philosophy from historical materialism to the critique of political economy. Marx in his youth achieved a philosophical revolution of new materialism by criticizing the idealistic philosophy and the old materialistic philosophy, which was mainly expressed by the theoretical logic of “material production”. Afterwards, in order to analyze the particularity of capitalist society and meet the practical requirements of the new revolutionary situation, Marx achieved the specification of historical materialism in the critique of political economy. Through a “premisecritique” process from “abstract to concrete”, Marx revealed the special laws of capitalist society, highlighting the dominant logic of “value production”. The process from “material production” to “value production” is also a deepening process of Marx's philosophy from general to special, and the two together constitute the organic whole of historical materialism.

Key words: historical materialism, critique of political economy, material production, value production

摘要： 马克思生产理论的变迁，反映了马克思哲学从历史唯物主义到政治经济学批判的演进逻辑。马克思青年时期通过批判唯心主义哲学和旧唯物主义哲学，实现了新唯物主义的哲学革命，集中表现为“物质生产”的理论逻辑。此后，为了对资本主义社会进行特殊性分析，也为了满足新的革命形势的现实要求，马克思在政治经济学批判中实现了历史唯物主义的具体化。通过“从抽象到具体”的前提批判进程，马克思揭示了资本主义社会的特殊规律，凸显了“价值生产”这一主导性逻辑。从“物质生产”到“价值生产”的演进过程，也是马克思哲学从一般到特殊的深化过程，二者共同构成了历史唯物主义的有机整体。

关键词: 历史唯物主义, 政治经济学批判, 物质生产, 价值生产