Abstract: The elaboration of the concept of society has always occupied the central position in understanding historical materialism. Its importance is reflected in the exposition of historical materialism on the ontological revolution of “social existence”. Grasping the basic connotation of this concept is an intrinsic requirement for understanding historical materialism. The traditional interpretation follows two pathways: first, it understands society as a structural network based on the “relationship”; second, it starts from the reciprocal relation between nature and society to understand the connotation of social historical materialism in the way that they mediate each other. The two pathways focus on Marxs thoughts in his early and mature years respectively. However, to properly understand Marxs concept of society, it is necessary not only to recur to Hegels social theory, but also to carry out the basic integration of Marxs thoughts at different stages, so as to provide the clear presentation of the concept of society.

Key words: society, nature, critique of alienation, fetishism

摘要： 在历史唯物主义中，社会概念的阐释一直占据着核心地位，其重要性表现在历史唯物主义对“社会性存在”这一存在论革命的论述中。把握这一概念的内涵是理解历史唯物主义理论的内在要求。传统的解释遵循两条阐释路径：第一条路径以“关系”为核心，将社会理解为类似于结构的关系网；另一条路径则从自然与社会的双向关联切入，以互为中介的方式理解社会的历史唯物主义内涵。两条路径分别侧重于马克思早期和成熟时期的思想。然而，恰当地理解马克思所言的社会，不仅需要借助黑格尔的社会理论，还应对马克思不同阶段的思想进行基本的融合，才可能使得这一社会概念获得明晰的展现。

关键词: 社会, 自然, 异化批判, 拜物教