Abstract: Based on the analysis of productive forces, modes of production, and relations of production, Marx's theory of world history explains the driving force behind the transition of the process of history to that of world history, and elaborates the direction and purpose of the evolution of world history. The formation of world history follows the development law from particularity to universality. This paper applies Marxs theory of world history to dialectically show the phased challenges and opportunities of capitalist modernization development. Chinas highlevel institutional openingup to the world will inevitably maintain necessary resilience and tension between basing itself on Chinas specific realities and conforming to the trend of world history, and between upholding independence and drawing on the achievements of human civilization, especially the modernization of capitalism. In this way, we can deeply grasp Chinas centurylong journey from a semifeudal and semicolonial society, which was forced to integrate into the periphery of world history, to national independence, reform and openingup, and constantly demonstrate the contemporary significance in which China transcends the “SovietEastern model” and the “East Asian model”, moves towards national rejuvenation, approaches the center of world history and creates a new world history. All these provide answers to the question of whether the backward socialist “isolated island” can be built in the “vast ocean” of capitalism with the practice of the Chinese path to modernization.

Key words: world history, economic globalization, China's openingup to the world, the Chinese path to modernization

摘要： 马克思的世界历史理论在分析生产力、生产方式与生产关系的基础上阐释了历史进程转向世界历史进程的驱动力，阐释了世界历史的演进方向与发展目的，世界历史的形成遵循着由特殊性到普遍性的发展规律。本文运用马克思的世界历史理论，辩证理解资本主义现代化发展的阶段性挑战与机遇，中国的高水平制度型对外开放必然在立足中国实际与顺应世界历史潮流、在坚持独立自主与借鉴人类文明成果特别是资本主义现代化成果之间保持必要的韧性与张力，从而深刻把握中国从半封建半殖民地社会被迫融入世界历史的边缘，到历经民族独立、改革开放的百年历程，不断展现中国超越“苏东模式”“东亚模式”迈向民族复兴与走近世界历史中心、创造出新的世界历史的时代意义，以中国式现代化实践作答落后的社会主义“孤岛”能否建立在资本主义的“大海”中的时代之问。

关键词: 世界历史, 经济全球化, 中国对外开放, 中国式现代化