Abstract: After the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, Marxism spread rapidly in China, which pointed out the direction for the early Chinese communists to understand the ethnic issue and explore national liberation in the light of Chinas specific realities. The theoretical exploration of the Chinese communists on the “ethnicity” and its evolutionary law, ethnic equality and unity, and solutions to the ethnic issue around 1920 not only resonated with the times and national conditions, but also showed differences in their respective emphases or degrees of theoretical concern. On the whole, the theoretical effort and ideological practice of the Chinese communists around 1920 started the process of adapting the Marxist ethnic theory to Chinas specific realities, which led the exploration of the Communist Party of China in pursuing the correct path to solving the ethnic issue with Chinese characteristics for more than 100 years.

Key words: Chinese communists, Marxism, ethnic theory, early exploration

摘要： 俄国十月革命胜利后，马克思主义在中国迅速传播，为早期中国共产党人结合中国具体实际认识民族问题、探求民族解放指明了方向。1920年前后中国共产党人关于“民族”及其演递规律、民族平等团结、民族问题解决途径的理论探索，既有基于时代与国情的共鸣，也表现出理论关怀的各自侧重或程度差异。总体而观，1920年前后中国共产党人之理论用功和思想实践，开启了马克思主义民族理论的中国化进程，为100多年来中国共产党探索中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路之先声。

关键词: 中国共产党人, 马克思主义, 民族理论, 早期探索