Abstract: Abstract domination is a unique historical landscape that emerges in modern society, which manifests itself in the fact that the exchange relationship puts an end to the relationship of personal dependence and at the same time produces the enslavement of human beings by capital. Unraveling the riddle of abstract domination constitutes a common theoretical theme for Marx and Hegel, whose methodological differences on this issue have produced two opposing philosophical directions in the history of ideas. Specifically, the methodology of the identity of concept and reality prompted Hegel to reconstruct human history from the logical evolution of the absolute spirit, to designate the abstract domination as the inevitable stage of the alienation of the absolute spirit, which is characterized by the antagonism between concept and reality, and is specifically manifested in the enslavement of individuals by money hidden under the appearance of freedom and equality, and to point out that the only path to dissolving the abstract domination is to overcome the alienation by resorting to the logical movement of concepts. Marx, on the other hand, based on his critique of Hegels ideas of concept and reality, establishes the method of analyzing the abstract domination from the production of capital, and its analytical logic is presented in the following three aspects: firstly, the production of capital is characterized by the abstraction of the reality of the inverted manifestation; secondly, in the process of the production of the reality, the individual is inverted into the organ of capital multiplication, and the society is manifested in the domination of the concept; and thirdly, the root cause of the inverted manifestation is that the labor force has become a commodity. The path to solving the riddle of abstract domination is therefore the revolutionary practice of reestablishing individual ownership.

Key words: abstract domination, Hegel, absolute spirit alienation, Marx, capital production

摘要： 抽象统治是现代社会出现的独特历史景观，表现为交换关系粉碎了人身依附关系的同时产生了资本对人的奴役，破解抽象统治之谜构成了马克思和黑格尔共同的理论主题，两者在分析此问题时的方法论差异产生了思想史上两条对立的哲学路向。概念和现实同一的方法论促使黑格尔从绝对精神逻辑演进出发重构人类历史，把抽象统治指认为绝对精神异化的必然阶段，其特征是概念和现实的对立，具体表现为隐藏在自由平等表象之下的货币对个体的奴役，诉诸概念的逻辑运动克服异化被黑格尔视为消解抽象统治的唯一路径。马克思则在批判黑格尔概念和现实同一的基础上确立了从资本生产出发分析抽象统治的方法，其分析逻辑呈现为以下三个环节：其一，资本生产的特征是颠倒表现的现实抽象；其二，在现实生产中个人被颠倒为资本增殖器官，社会表现为受观念的统治；其三，颠倒表现的根源是劳动力成为商品，因此破解抽象统治之谜的路径就是重建个人所有制的革命实践。

关键词: 抽象统治, 黑格尔, 绝对精神异化, 马克思, 资本生产