Abstract: Since the Enlightenment, with the loss of traditional moral authority and the rise of human subjective rationality, the contradiction between fact and value has prepared the way for moral relativism. As a theory that reveals the laws of human social development, historical materialism is based on the criticism of various “eternal truths”, and provides support for the diversity and rheology of morality. However, this is often considered to lead to moral relativism, which in turn negates the theoretical legitimacy of the proletariat's moral critique of capitalism. In fact, although historical materialism conforms to some of the characteristics of descriptive relativism, it does not accept restrictive proposition and thus does not lead to metaethical or normative moral relativism. On the contrary, historical materialism can explain the objective law of moral change by establishing moral objectivity on the basis of productive forces and modes of production, and support to interpret moral objectivism in the way of the idea of moral progress.

Key words:  historical materialism, moral objectivity, moral relativism

摘要： 启蒙运动以降，随着传统道德权威的失落和人类主体理性的崛起，事实与价值之间的矛盾造成了道德相对主义的趋向。作为一种揭示人类社会发展规律的理论，历史唯物主义立足于对各种“永恒真理”的批判，为道德的多样性和流变性提供了支持。但这往往被认为会导致道德相对主义，进而否定无产阶级对资本主义进行道德批判的理论合法性。实际上，历史唯物主义虽然符合描述性相对主义的部分特征，却并不接受限制性论题因而不会导致元伦理或规范性的道德相对主义。相反，历史唯物主义可通过将道德的客观性建立在生产力和生产方式的基础上，说明道德变迁的客观规律，以道德进步论的方式支持道德客观主义。

关键词: 历史唯物主义, 道德客观性, 道德相对主义