Abstract: Thomas Piketty has made outstanding contributions to the measurement of wealth distribution, but the model to explain the wealth distribution gap in his well-known book is essentially a simplified heterogeneous agent Ramsey model. The heterogeneous agent Ramsey model attributes the wealth distribution to the utility maximization of household decisions while ignoring long-term changes in the economic environment. Neo-Schumpeterians investigate the wealth distribution within the framework in which technology interacts with the institution while ignoring the impact of economic policies on the wealth distribution. Based on the Marxist political economy, this paper analyzes the continuous expansion of the wealth distribution gap in the United States since the 1970s from a perspective that the market, government and households interact with each other. The increasing wealth distribution gap in the United States can be explained as follows: under the institutional framework with the capitalist state power and the market economy based on the capitalist private ownership, the capital-biased institutional system further accelerates the disorderly and excessive expansion of capital and aggravates the continuous expansion of the income and wealth distribution gap, and thus the trend of economic polarization has become increasingly prominent; economic polarization intensifies political polarization, which enables the monopoly capitalist class to strengthen the capital-biased institutional system, forming a positive feedback closed loop; the wide distribution gap is transmitted between generations through physical capital, human capital, and social capital factors, which is called “patrimonial capitalism” by Piketty.

Key words: wealth distribution, technoeconomic paradigm, financial capitalism, common prosperity

摘要： 皮凯蒂为财富分配的度量做出了突出贡献，然而其解释财富分配差距的理论工具实质上是一种简化的异质性拉姆齐模型。异质性拉姆齐模型将财富分配归因于个体的最优化决策，却忽视了长期内经济环境的变迁。新熊彼特派在技术与制度演化的框架下分析财富分配，然而该理论忽略了政府的经济政策对分配的影响。本文基于马克思主义政治经济学，在市场、政府、家庭三维一体的框架中解释20世纪70年代以来美国财富分配差距的持续扩大：在资本主义性质的国家政权与建立在资本主义私有制基础上的市场经济框架下，资本偏倚型制度体系进一步助长了资本无序过度扩张，加速了收入分配差距和财富分配差距的不断扩大，经济极化趋势愈益凸显；经济极化加剧了政治极化，而政治极化又使得垄断资本集团不断强化资本偏倚型制度体系，构成正反馈闭环；巨大的分配差距通过物质资本、人力资本及社会资本因素在代际传递，形成承袭制资本主义。

关键词: 财富分配差距, 技术-经济范式, 金融资本主义