Abstract: Marx and Engels' criterion for distinguishing between “false community” and “true community” is whether the “community” represents the interests of its members and the degree of representation. The basis of a “true community” is the common interest and the common value as its concentrated expression. The analysis of the true community and its foundations enlightens us: the community of human destiny should be based on common interests, especially the common value, and the construction of common value is the prerequisite for the construction of a community of human destiny. The foundation of collectivism is that the collective must serve the “true community”. Constructing a “true community” is the prerequisite for achieving the unity of individual and collective interests.

Key words: true community, false community, community of human destiny, collectivism

摘要： 马克思恩格斯区分“虚假的共同体”和“真正的共同体”的标准，是“共同体”是否代表其成员的利益以及代表的程度，“真正的共同体”的基础是共同利益以及作为其集中体现的共同价值。对真正的共同体及其基础的分析启示我们：人类命运共同体要以共同的利益特别是共同的价值为纽带，构建共同价值是构建人类命运共同体的前提；集体主义的基础在于该集体必须为“真正的共同体”，因而构建“真正的共同体”是实现个人利益与集体利益统一的前提。

关键词: 真正的共同体, 虚假的共同体, 人类命运共同体, 集体主义