Key words: Technological innovation is a social production practice. From the historical and realistic perspectives of scientific and technological innovation, we can find that the promotion of national scientific and technological innovation should be based on the promotion of the deep integration of technology and physical manufacturing, and realize the innovation led by the manufacturing industry, promote the social division of labor with enterprises as the main body and collaboration is the core driving force to break through the innovation of key component technologies, promote the division of labor and collaboration among the various sectors of society led by the government as a strategic guarantee to build a national innovation system. As a result, we can improve the country 's basic industrial capacity and the modernization level of the industrial chain to achieve innovationdriven development.

关键词: 科技创新作为一种社会生产实践, 从历史和现实的维度对其考察可以发现, 国家科技创新的推进应以促进科技与实体制造业的深度融合为前提基础, 实现由制造业引领的创新；以推进企业为主体的社会分工与协作为核心动力, 突破关键部件技术的创新；以推动政府为主导的社会各部门的分工与协作为战略保障, 建设国家创新体系；由此提升国家产业基础能力和产业链现代化水平, 实现创新驱动发展。