Abstract:

On the issue of capital secret Marx started from the “absolute form” of capital profit and owed the social civilization as a whole to the surplus value and its accumulation created by the working class. We should not simply describe the secret of “making money” of capital as capital is equal to exploitation. Instead we should interpret it as follows: the capital in the “absolute surplus value production” not only occupies the new value of abstract labor, but also directly occupies the specific labor of an individual worker brought about by the dual economic benefits in the labor process. Capital in the “relative surplus value production” does not directly occupy the surplus value of the individual labor, but occupies the surplus value created by “the combination of labor”, as well as the surplus value brought about by the scientific power and production process of salary earners.

Key words: capital , the secret of making money , absolute surplus value production , relative surplus value production

摘要：

马克思从经济学的逻辑出发把现代社会的文明成果归源于工人阶级创造的剩余价值及其积累。资本作为生产关系所造成的劳动力所有者与劳动条件所有权分离使工人变成资本增殖的直接手段，但这种生产关系人格化的资本家与工人之间的社会分化实乃历史的产物。不能把资本“赚钱的秘密”简单描述为资本=剥削，而应做新的解析：资本在“绝对剩余价值生产”中既直接地无偿占有单个工人劳动过程发生的抽象劳动所创造的部分新价值，也直接地无偿占有其在同一劳动过程发生的具体劳动所带来的“把新价值加到劳动对象上和把旧价值保存在产品中”这一双重经济收益；在“相对剩余价值生产”中不是直接地无偿占有单个劳动力直接创造的剩余价值，而是间接地无偿占有其作为“结合劳动力”所创造的剩余价值、由工人的科学力量及生产过程的自然力所带来的剩余价值。

关键词: 资本 , 赚钱的秘密 , 绝对剩余价值生产 , 相对剩余价值生产