Abstract: The point of view of traditional Marxist philosophy on the relationship between subjective initiative and objective laws was caught in a difficult dilemma of revolutionary will and historical laws.This expresses the tension and conflict between the two world views——the vulgar(mechanical) materialism and the subjective idealism.This was evidenced by the internal logic of the Marxist theorists of the Second International more than by Lukacs/Kolls’s criticism of Merlin/Plekhanov.Vulgar(mechanical) Marxism’s love for Spinozasim was as strong as it’s preference to Fichte’s activism,and Marx had insisted that this should be understood from the perspective of association within the contradiction.This association shows that will and laws are coexisting and dichotomous in the social organism.Compared with the questions of why and how to follow historical laws,voluntarism was the response to a social organism theory,and a social organism theory should not ignore either voluntarism or mechanical materialism.The critique of relationship between human will and objective laws in traditional Marxist philosophy is both a most penetrating account of vulgar Marxism and an insightful explanation of how the subjective initiative of Marxist philosophy is firmly based on materialism.

摘要： 关于能动原则与客观规律的关系,传统马克思主义哲学的观点往往以革命意志与历史规律的矛盾形式为定向:时而强调这个,时而强调另一个。它表达了两种世界观——庸俗(机械)唯物主义和主观唯心主义唯意志论——立场的张力和斗争。这一关系并不仅仅是由卢卡奇/柯尔施反对梅林/普列汉诺夫来指证的,而更是由第二国际正统马克思主义理论家自身的内部逻辑决定的。在庸俗马克思主义中,对斯宾诺莎主义的钟情,就像对费希特的行动主义一样强烈。而马克思自始就要对此关系从矛盾的关联方面来理解。这种关联表明意志和规律各自在社会有机体中共存而又二分。与为什么和如何遵循历史规律问题相比,意志论的证成首先是针对解决一种社会有机体(机能障碍)理论所提出的问题。一种社会有机体理论既不能忽略对意志唯心论的批判,也不能忽略对机械唯物论的批判。我们对人的意志和客观规律在传统马克思主义哲学中的关系批判,不仅是对庸俗马克思主义的最具穿透力的评论,同时也是对马克思哲学的能动原则在何种意义上巩固地奠定在唯物主义基础上的揭示。

关键词: 意志, 规律, 历史二分, 历史一元论