Abstract: In the 20th century development of methodology experienced the following development stages. First, the stage of “making and testing hypotheses"; Second,Kuhn’s idea of rejecting possibility of a common criterion for comparison of development of science at different stages, Feyerabend’s idea of “whatever method will do", and Putnam’s idea of circulation of theory and method; Thirdly, within the Western culture there exists a tendency of colonization of humanities by natural science, and an “anti colonization movement" against it by social humanitarian methodology. Finally, the author points out that how to transcend gradually from the defective “me" to the guiding “we", a concept leading to self perfection, will become a major theme for methodological research in the new century.

Key words: methodology, logicism, historicism, new pragmatism, scientific structure

摘要： 20世纪方法论主要经历了以下几个阶段:首先,从 大胆假设,小心求证"到 大胆假设,小心反驳";其次,库恩否定科学发展不同阶段之间进行比较评价的共同标准,法伊阿本德主张 什么都行",新实用主义者普特南主张理论和方法的相互循环;再次,西方文化内部存在着自然科学对社会一人文科学的殖民化,同时也出现了社会一人文科学方法论上的 非殖民化"运动。如何从以现实中的 小我"和 大我 "观之,逐渐过渡到始终作为理想而引导我们去自我改善的 我们"观之,将是新世纪科学方法论研究的主题。

关键词: 方法论, 逻辑主义, 历史主义, 新实用主义, 科学建制