关键词: 马克思, 道德观, 历史转向

Abstract: The historical turn in Marx's view of morality represents a significant facet in the establishment of historical materialism. From his youth, Marx's view of morality evolved through stages that included an ideal moral perspective integrating Christian ethics with humanism of the Enlightenment, a radical liberal moral perspective emphasizing universal rationality, and a revolutionary humanist moral perspective grounded in philosophical argumentation. As his engagement with political economy deepened and intensified, Marx developed a practical view of morality characterized by a clear orientation toward practice and a revolutionary spirit. This historical turn in his view of morality also signifies a methodological transformation—from the critique of value to the generation of practice, and from philosophicallogical analysis to historicalscientific analysis. Through the critique and transcendence of old materialist and idealist moral views, Marxs view of morality possesses a highly practical social quality, integrating scientific and valuable principles, classbased and popularoriented approaches, and realistic and idealistic approaches. Therefore, only by understanding and interpreting it within a broader historical vision and more concrete sociopolitical practices, from the perspective of practical criticism and human emancipation, can we fully unleash the practical resolve and transformative power inherent in Marxs view of morality to change the world.

Key words: Marx, view of morality, historical turn