关键词: 人的自我实现, 劳动, 需要, 中国特色社会主义

Abstract: Marx, based on the interactive narrative structure of “human essence” and “human needs”, defines the essential human need as the socially oriented “selfrealization of human beings”. This “selfrealization of human beings” is directly manifested as labor becoming the “primary necessity of life”. The fulfillment of this need is inherently linked to the institutional conditions under which labor operates and possesses an evolutionary nature within historical development. The “selfrealization of human beings” signifies the “realization of freedom”, encompassing a transcendent freedom premised on overcoming natural necessity. On this basis, Marx articulates the historical pathway to achieving “selfrealization of human beings” through the logical mutual construction of “need satisfaction and free labor”. The abundant and rich needs of “selfrealization of human beings” must be grounded in sensuous productive labor. This requires not only a significant enhancement of labor productivity but also the continuous refinement of human essential powers through free labor within just and rational social relations. Furthermore, labor under the influence of capital has a onesided “promoting” effect on achieving “selfrealization of human beings”. From a dialectical historical perspective, “selfrealization of human beings” is not an abstract category that exists in a specific future historical stage but rather a historical category that adapts to social reality and continuously evolves. In this sense, “dignified and fulfilling labor” constitutes the contemporary form of achieving “selfrealization of human beings”.

Key words: self-realization of human beings, labor, needs, socialism with Chinese characteristics