关键词: 齐泽克, 犬儒主义意识形态, 意识形态幻象 

Abstract: Slavoj Žižek argues that the dominant mode of ideology in the postMarxist era is cynical. He focuses on the relationship between “illusion and reality”, which, in his psychoanalytic theory, are inextricably intertwined with “false consciousness and reality” in Marxs theory of ideology. Without making a crucial distinction between them, he constructs the theoretical framework of cynical ideology. He further illustrates the operating principle of cynical ideology through the fact that in commodity exchange activities, people mistakenly recognize the abstract universality of commodities and currencies as real entities, thus inverting the abstract universal and the concrete particular. Finally, he explains the operating mode of ideological illusion through the selfclarification of the proposition “law is law” and the analogy between ideological fantasy and belief. His conclusion seems to be a subversion of, yet it does not go beyond, the framework of Marxs theory of ideology. The increasing authority of symbolic networks in todays society provides the realistic basis for ieks theory, which is not fundamentally different from the time in which Marx lived.

Key words: Slavoj ?i?ek, cynical ideology, ideological illusion