关键词: 民粹主义, 国家治理, 欧洲政党政治, 反建制, 良政善治

Abstract: The institutional environment of representative politics in the West determines that populism must reach the masses through party politics. Since the 90s of the 20th century, populist parties have sprung up in Europe, forming a leftright divide along both economic and cultural lines, each pursuing political goals in parliament or government. Populist parties have long been active in Europe, providing an optimal perspective on how populism affects national governance. From the experience of Europe, on the one hand, populist parties have shown strong electoral and mobilization capabilities due to their expertise in issue politics, identity politics, and passion politics; while on the other hand, they have failed to demonstrate credible leadership and governance capabilities given their inability to build social consensus and fulfil electoral commitments and the potential to be stuck in singleissue politics. There are few opportunities for populist parties in Europe to truly come to power, but their impact on national governance is farreaching, especially in terms of repoliticization of national governance, the prevalence of antagonistic thinking, and the pursuit of shortterm political effects. Currently, populism has become a new variable with a unique impact on national governance. Coexistence with populism is a rising challenge that mainstream political parties in Europe are facing.

Key words: populism, national governance, European party politics, antiestablishment, good governance