Abstract: The diverse landscape of democratic development in todays world has made democratic models a core issue in political science research. The discourse of the “universality” of Westernstyle democracy squeezes the living space of nonWestern democracies and is unable to explain the richness of democratic practices around the world. From the perspective of comparisons across civilizations, the diversity of civilizations has shaped the diversity of democratic models. Democratic models are born in specific civilizations and can be divided into “models of value” shaped by civilizational genes and “models of practice” generated based on “models of value”. The Christian ideology of Western civilization has given rise to liberal democracy as a value model and implemented liberal values through the practice model of the democracy with party competition. The Chinese civilization, on the other hand, has formed peoples democracy in the value dimension and consultative democracy in the practice dimension by continuing the tradition of peoplecentered governance and absorbing the peoplecentered nature of Marxism. Only by clarifying theoretically the civilizational underpinnings of democratic models can we promote the common development of different democratic models through mutual learning and exchange.

Key words: democratic model, civilizational gene, Western-style democracy, people's democracy, consultative democracy

摘要： 当今世界民主发展的多样图景使得民主模式成为政治学研究的核心议题。西式民主的“普世性”话语挤压了非西式民主的生存空间，难以解释世界民主实践的丰富性。从文明比较的视野来看，文明的多样性形塑了民主模式的多样性。民主模式内生于特定文明之中，可以划分为文明基因所塑造的“价值模式”和基于“价值模式”所产生的“实践模式”。西方文明的基督教理念衍生了作为价值模式的自由主义民主，并以党争民主的实践模式落实自由主义价值理念。中华文明则在延续民本传统并吸收马克思主义人民性的基础上，形成了价值维度的人民民主和实践维度的协商民主。只有在理论上阐明民主模式的文明底色，才能推动不同的民主模式在交流互鉴中共同发展。

关键词: 民主模式, 文明基因, 西式民主, 人民民主, 协商民主