Abstract: The US has consistently justified its new trade protectionist policies under the guise of “countering foreign threats”, “reindustrialization” and “protecting the interests of domestic workers”. In essence, these statements serve as a rhetorical veil obscuring the true nature of American trade protectionism. Marx and Engels, from a proletarian standpoint, deliver a comprehensive critique of capitalist free trade and protective tariffs. Their methodological framework provides us with ideologically methodological guidance for understanding the new trade protectionism in the US. Applying this Marxist lens reveals three fundamental truths of the new trade protectionism in the US: such policies are instruments of unilateral hegemony; they hold limited efficacy for genuine reindustrialization; and they fail to materially improve the conditions of the American working class. Reflecting on the current US trade policies can offer instructive insights for us to successfully navigate the path of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics.

Key words: Marx and Engels, free trade, protective tariffs, the US, new trade protectionism

摘要： 美国总是将新贸易保护主义的推行和“应对他国威胁”“再工业化”“保护本国工人利益”的口号联系在一起，这些口号实质上是对美国贸易保护真相的掩盖。马克思恩格斯曾经站在无产阶级的立场上，对资本主义的自由贸易和保护关税进行过彻底的批判，为我们认识美国新贸易保护主义提供了思想方法上的指导。运用这些思想方法，有助于揭示美国新贸易保护主义的真相：它是美国奉行单边主义的举措，很难实现美国“再工业化”，不能改变美国工人阶级现状。反思美国当前贸易政策，对我们走好中国特色社会主义现代化道路具有启示意义。

关键词: 马克思恩格斯, 自由贸易, 保护关税, 美国, 新贸易保护主义