Abstract: In the process of modernization, latedeveloping countries are faced with multiple risks and challenges, for which political parties in various countries have adopted different attitudes and measures. Starting from the perspective of comparative modernization and comparative political parties, this paper categorizes the practices of political parties in these latedeveloping countries in dealing with the risks and challenges of modernization into three types: “proactivepreventive”, “stimulusresponsive” and “passivefailed”. The paper finds that political parties in latedeveloping countries should enhance their capabilities in terms of maintaining a sense of mission and value guidance in the pursuit of modernization, strengthening organizational renewal and anticorruption governance, improving the level of accurate judgment and effective risk mitigation, and breaking the blind worship of the Western model of modernization, so as to play a more proactive role in leading the modernization process.

Key words: late-developing countries, modernization, political parties, risks and challenges

摘要： 后发国家现代化过程中面临多重风险挑战，各国政党则采取不同态度和措施予以应对。本文从比较现代化和比较政党的视野出发，将后发国家政党应对现代化风险挑战的实践归纳为“主动—预防型”“刺激—反应型”和“消极—失利型”三种类型。研究发现，后发国家政党应从保持追求现代化的使命意识和价值指引、增强组织更新和治理腐败能力、提高精准研判和有效化解风险水平、打破对西方现代化模式的盲目崇拜等方面提升政党能力，在引领现代化进程中发挥更加积极主动的作用。

关键词: 后发国家, 现代化, 政党, 风险挑战