Abstract: From the first day of its birth, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always adhered to the livelihood attribute of land, followed the logic of the evolution of the land system for people's livelihood, and closely focused on how to address the landrelated issues. It is to protect and promote people's interests, and continuously enhance the construction of services that are related to people's livelihood. In the context of China's specific economic and social conditions, the land system and policies have undergone four major changes in the centuryold history: granting farmers land ownership, establishing collective land ownership, implementing the household contract responsibility system, and promoting the reform of “separation of rights among the three” in rural contracted land. The centuryold land system and policy reforms show that: adhering to the Party's leadership is the fundamental political force ensuring the livelihood attribute of land; implementing the public ownership of land is the basic institutional backbone for realizing the livelihood attribute of land; insisting on promoting the continuous reform and innovation of public land ownership is the mechanism guarantee to enhance the livelihood attribute of land. The great achievements of the land system and policy reforms under the leadership of the CPC have fully proved the significant institutional advantages of the public land ownership system. The proposition that attempts to carry out China's rural land reform through a privatization approach is completely wrong.

Key words: livelihood attribute of land, collective ownership of land, household contract responsibility system, separation of powers

摘要： 土地是一个国家的民生之本，是具有典型民生属性的生产要素。中国共产党从诞生的第一天起，就始终坚持土地的民生属性，遵循土地制度演进的民生逻辑，紧紧围绕如何解决好土地问题，保护和增进人民利益，不断推进民生建设。依据中国经济社会发展的具体实际，我们党在百年历史上土地制度和政策经历四次重大演变：让农民拥有土地所有权、建立土地集体所有制、实行家庭联产承包责任制和推动“三权分置”改革。中国共产党百年土地制度改革和政策演进表明，坚持党的领导是保持保证土地民生属性的根本政治保障；坚持土地公有制是实现土地民生属性的根本制度保障；坚持推动土地公有制实现形式不断改革创新是增强土地民生属性的体制机制保障。中国共产党领导下土地制度和政策演进百年历程所取得的巨大成就充分证明了土地公有制的巨大制度优势，那种企图把我国农村土地改革引向私有化的主张是完全错误的。

关键词: 土地的民生属性, 土地集体所有制, 家庭联产承包责任制, 三权分置