Abstract: On 28 May 1871, the Paris Commune, the first proletarian dictatorship in human history, ended in failure. However, the principles of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the people's democracy and the servant of the people it put forward in the course of the revolution have been recorded in human history with its farreaching historical significance. The emancipation of the proletariat in the Paris Commune is not only reinterpreted in the exploration of Western Marxism, but also has a direct impact on it theoretically. It is also further developed in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics as a new form of human civilization. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the three principles embedded in the Paris Commune have enjoyed a steady flow of vitality on the journey to realize the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through socialism with Chinese characteristics, with Marxism as the guidance, the Communist Party of China as the core of leadership, and“peoplecentered”as the philosophy. Correspondingly, as a new form of human civilization, socialism with Chinese characteristics is developing China in a unique way beyond the limits of Western modernity, and at the same time provides new opportunities for the whole world.

Key words: the Paris Commune, Western Marxism, Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, a new form of human civilization

摘要： 1871年5月28日，人类历史上第一个无产阶级专政政权巴黎公社以失败告终。但它在革命过程中提出的无产阶级专政原则、人民民主原则和人民公仆原则以其深远的历史意义载入人类史册。巴黎公社无产阶级解放的事业不仅在西方马克思主义的探索中得到重新阐释，并对西方马克思主义在理论上产生了直接的影响，而且还在作为人类文明新形态的中国特色社会主义的伟大实践中获得了历史性的发展。党的十八大以来，巴黎公社的三大原则在以马克思主义为指导、以中国共产党为领导核心、以人民为中心的中国特色社会主义实现中华民族伟大复兴的道路上，焕发出源源不断的生命力。与之相适应的是，作为人类文明新形态的中国特色社会主义正在以其超越西方现代性限度的特有方式发展中国的同时，为整个世界提供了新机遇。

关键词: 巴黎公社, 西方马克思主义, 中国特色社会主义, 人类文明新形态