Abstract: Studying the logical approach and development process of Marx's critical thinking on private ownership has important academic value and practical significance for us to correctly understand and grasp Marxist ownership theory. In the 25 years from 1843 to the publication of the first volume of Das Capital in 1867, Marx moved from the initial criticism of the legal significance of private property relations to the economic significance. After the establishment of historical materialism, Marx entered the realm of private ownership criticism from the criticism of private property relations. He applied the historical materialism to the analysis of the contradictions of the capitalist society, and put forward the scientific conclusion of “eliminating private ownership”. In making scientific progress in the study of political economy, based on the criticism of private ownership, Marx established the basic concept of future social ownership.

Key words: Marx, private property, private ownership, personal ownership

摘要： 研究马克思关于私有制批判思想的逻辑进路和发展进程，对我们正确理解和把握马克思主义所有制理论具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。从1843年开始到1867年《资本论》第一卷出版的25年里，马克思从最初关于私有财产关系的法权意义批判，走向了经济意义的批判；唯物史观创立后，马克思又从对私有财产关系的批判进入了私有制批判的领域；把唯物史观运用于对资本主义社会矛盾的分析，提出了“消灭私有制”的科学论断；在取得了政治经济学研究的科学进展中，以对私有制批判为基础，马克思建立起了未来社会所有制的基本构想。

关键词: 马克思, 私有财产, 私有制, 个人所有制