Abstract: The “national edifice” of the modern nationstate is built on the constructive civic nationalism with citizenship as the basis. However, in the current stage of globalization, the original ethnic nationalism has suddenly emerged, nationstates are trapped in identity difficulties, and citizenship is facing severe challenges. The reverting wave of nationalism is a product of cultural anxiety and identity politics brought about by globalization, showing a clear ethnic rather than civic orientation. The ethnic nationalism threatens the uniqueness, equality, and sanctity of citizenship, weakens citizen nationalism, and leads to a crisis of cultural fragmentation of citizenship. There are two main ways to coordinate citizenship and national identity. One is the idealistic “citizen state” construction plan, advocating the “partition theory”; the other is the realist nationstate strengthening plan, advocating the “maintenance theory”. Faced with the challenge of ethnic nationalism, reshaping citizenship and strengthening national identity are historical missions that nationstates must complete.

Key words: globalization, nationalism, citizenship, nationstate, national identity

摘要： 现代民族国家的“民族大厦”建立在以公民身份为载体的、建构性的公民民族主义之上，但是在全球化的当前阶段，原生性的族群民族主义骤然突显，民族国家陷入认同之困，公民身份面临严峻挑战。复归的民族主义浪潮是全球化带来的文化焦虑和认同政治的产物，呈现出清晰的族群性而非公民性取向。这种族群民族主义威胁着公民身份的唯一性、平等性与神圣性，削弱了公民民族主义，从而导致公民身份的文化碎片化危机。关于公民身份与民族认同的协调方案主要有两种，一种是理想主义的“公民国家”建构方案，主张“切割论”；一种是现实主义的民族国家强化方案，主张“维系论”。在族群民族主义的挑战面前，重塑公民身份和强化国家认同是民族国家必须完成的历史使命。

关键词: 全球化, 民族主义, 公民身份, 民族国家, 国家认同