Abstract:

Marx's theory of need is an important part of Marx's practice of human studies Marx used the historical materialism world outlook and methodology to construct his own practical human studies through his criticism and transcendence of German classical human studies represented by Hegel and Feuerbach, and thus provided a unique humanistic key to the understanding of historical materialism In this process of construction, Marx transformed the method of premise logic, the paradigm change of humanistic ontology, the methodological construction of historical generation theory, and the method of realist thinking started, which not only demonstrated the critical sequence of the needs of the German classical human science, but also achieved revolutionary methodological changes.  Marx's needs theory and its methodological changes have profound theoretical value and practical significance for examining the survival and development of the Chinese people since the founding of New China. In theory, we should examine the changes of human existence in the past 70 years with the combination of historicism and realism In practice, reasonable tension should be maintained in the “completeness” and “generative”, “individuality” and “sociality”, “diachronic” and “synchronism”, “appropriateness” and “reality” of needs

Key words: Marx needs theory, practical human studies;good life needs;needs theory

摘要： 马克思的需要理论是马克思实践人学思想的重要组成部分。马克思以历史唯物主义的世界观和方法论，通过对以黑格尔和费尔巴哈为代表的德国古典人学的批判与超越，建构了自己的实践人学，从而也为理解历史唯物主义提供了一把独特的人学锁钥。在这一建构过程中，马克思通过前提逻辑的方法转换，人学存在论的范式变革，历史生成论的方法建构，现实主义思维的方法开启，不仅展现了对德国古典人学需要理论的批判序列，而且实现了具有革命意义的方法论变革。马克思需要理论及其方法论变革，对审视新中国成立以来我国人民的生存和发展具有深刻的理论价值和实践意义。在理论上，我们要以历史主义和现实主义相结合的方法论审视新中国成立以来人的生存变化。在实践上，要在需要的“既成性”和“生成性”、“个体性”和“社会性”、“历时性”和“共时性”、“应然性”和“实然性”中保持合理张力。

关键词: 马克思需要理论, 实践人学, 美好生活需要, 需要