Abstract: Marx, in his Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844, made the full analysis of the problems about the human s categorical nature. His thought of the human s categorical nature was inspired by Feuerbach s critique of religion, National Economics and Hegel s Phenomenology of Spirit, but his thought surpassed the three thought resources. From the sensitive activities of human life, Marx gave the human s categorical nature three definitions in which “Man is the existence of free” is the universal proposition. According to the thought, Marx proposed the theory of labor-alienation which was used to criticize bourgeois wage-labor. In his later writings, Marx still kept to the universal proposition, thereby he could integrate the empirical study of capitalist mode of production and value criticism of it. Therefore, Marx s thought of human s categorical nature is the value basis of social critique, which could not be dispelled.

Key words: human s categorical nature , freedom, social critique , value basis

摘要： 马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》对人的“类本质”问题做出了充分的理论分析。他的类本质思想受到了费尔巴哈宗教批判、国民经济学和黑格尔精神现象学三个思想资源的启发，同时又是对这三个思想资源的超越。他从人的感性的生命活动出发，对人的类本质做出三个方面的规定：人是感性的自然存在物、人是自由的存在物和人是社会的存在物。其中，人是自由的存在物是马克思类本质思想所确立的普遍性命题。以类本质思想为依据，马克思提出了批判资本主义雇佣劳动的异化劳动理论。在以后的著述中，马克思依然坚持类本质思想所确立的普遍性命题，从而把对资本主义生产方式的实证性研究同价值批判结合在一起。因此，马克思的类本质思想是社会批判理论的不可消解的价值依据。

关键词: 类本质 , 自由 , 社会批判 , 价值依据