Abstract: The materialist dialectics called as the best tools and the sharpest weapon by Engels reset Hegel s dialectic from materialist views. There is nothing wrong that Engels called his and Marx s philosophy, the question is that Engels was keen interest in view of nature. He understood Materialist conception of history with materialist view of nature which attracted numerous controversy. As the representative of the study, Dialectics of Nature was not only not attention by German Social Democratic Party, but also has been seriously questioned by western Marxist philosophers. Resolve this problem, we need understand the relationship between dialectics of nature and philosophy of nature or historical dialectics, and we need analyze what was the final form of philosophy defined by Engels in his later years. Engels alternated encompassing previous metaphysics to formal logic and dialectics, and integrated the application of philosophy into historical science. The latter has been largely confirmed in the development process of contemporary philosophy, while the former is equivalent to ask “what is philosophy”, which is worth every philosopher s lifetime exploration.
  

Key words: Engels in his later years , dialectic Materialism , materialist dialectics , natural philosophy , dialectics of nature

摘要： 被恩格斯称作“最好的工具和最锐利的武器”的唯物主义辩证法是对黑格尔辩证法的唯物主义重置，恩格斯这样称呼他和马克思的哲学并无不妥，问题是对自然观具有浓厚兴趣的恩格斯以唯物主义自然观理解唯物主义历史观引来众多争议。以《自然辩证法》为代表的这项研究不仅没有得到德国社会民主党内部的重视，而且遭到西方马克思主义的严重质疑。解析这个问题，需要理解自然辩证法与自然哲学以及历史辩证法的关系，需要分析晚年恩格斯界定的哲学的最后存在样态意味着什么。恩格斯以形式逻辑和辩证法替代包罗万象的旧形而上学，并将哲学的应用论域融入历史科学。后者已经在当代哲学的发展进程中得到很大程度的证实，而前者等同于追问“哲学是什么”，值得每个哲学研究者终生探索。

关键词: 晚年恩格斯 , 辩证唯物主义 , 唯物主义辩证法 , 自然哲学 , 自然辩证法