Abstract: The philosophy thought formation process in Marxist philosophy,especially in “Das Kapital”, the background of Western classical thought is indispensableAristotle is the most important source of classical thought in “Das Kapital”Marxs absorption, transformation and development to Aristotles thoughts has provided very important theoretical basis for “Das Kapital” to grasp the basic characteristics and historical destiny of capitalism and build the theory of capitalism and communism, from the perspective of the comparison between ancient and contemporary timesToday providing theoretical basis is very importantThrough the transformation and development of Aristotles thoughts, “Das Kapital” constituted an important media for Marxism to absorb the ancient Greece thought source and opened the whole vision of “PhilosophicalPolitical Economics”

Key words: Marx and the classical thought , Marx and Aristotle , philosophy and political economics , comparison of ancient and today

摘要： 关于马克思哲学的西方古典思想来源问题，尤其是马克思《资本论》与亚里士多德的思想史关系的研究，虽然是马克思主义发展史研究中的一个关键环节，但却一直是国内外研究的薄弱点。本文认为，在马克思哲学特别是《资本论》哲学思想形成过程中，西方古典思想背景是不可或缺的，亚里士多德是《资本论》最重要的古典思想来源。马克思对亚里士多德思想的吸收、改造与发展，为《资本论》在“古今对比”的视野中把握资本主义文明的基本特性与历史命运、建构资本主义与共产主义理论提供了十分重要的理论基点。《资本论》中经过改造与发展的亚里士多德思想，也进而构成了马克思主义汲取古希腊思想源泉，开启“哲学政治经济学”总体性视域的重要思想媒介。  

关键词: 马克思与古典思想 , 马克思与亚里士多德 , 哲学与政治经济学 , 古今对比