Abstract: What is a “large party”? Clarifying this question is not only an important entry point for observing the course of the Communist Party of Chinas own development, but also a fundamental prerequisite for answering well the historical question of how to address the unique challenges faced by a large party. The “largeness” of a large party is manifested not merely in the scale of its organization and the size of its membership, but still more in such intrinsic qualities as firmness of political character, loftiness of ideological vision, breadth of perspective and mind, weightiness of historical responsibility, and farreaching global influence. Since its founding, the Partys understanding of its own position as a “large party” has not been achieved at a single stroke; rather, through longterm practice, it has gradually deepened into an understanding of the multiple political, organizational, and ideological elements that a “large party” should possess. Through the cognitive evolution from “a large party of the masses” to “a large political party of the Chinese proletariat”, “a nationwide large party”, “a large party governing a large country”, and “the worlds largest governing party”, the conception of the “large party” has been given scientific shape. Tracing the emergence and evolution of the Partys conception of a “large party”, and revealing the intellectual course by which the Party has come to understand “what a large party is” and “how a large party is to be built”, together with its historical significance, helps us grasp profoundly the inherent laws governing the building and development of Marxist political parties, and thereby provides intellectual support for effectively resolving the unique challenges faced by a large party.

Key words: the Communist Party of China, large party, unique challenges, conception, Party building

摘要： 何谓“大党”？厘清这一问题，不仅是窥察中国共产党自身发展历程的重要切口，也是回答好“解决大党独有难题”历史之问的根本前提。“大党”之“大”，不仅体现为组织规模与成员数量之庞大，更彰显于政治品格之坚定、思想境界之高远、格局胸怀之开阔、历史担当之厚重、全球影响之深远等内在特质。自成立以来，中国共产党对自身“大党”定位的认识并非一蹴而就，而是在长期实践中逐步深化为对“大党”所应具备的政治、组织、思想等多重要素的理解，经由“群众的大党”“中国无产阶级的大政党”“全国性的大党”“大国执政的大党”到“世界第一大执政党”的认知演进，完成了“大党”观念的科学形塑。梳理中国共产党“大党”观念的生成与演变，揭示中国共产党认识和理解“什么是大党”以及“如何建设大党”的思想进程及其历史意义，有助于我们深刻把握马克思主义政党建设和发展的内在规律，从而为有效破解大党独有难题提供学理支持。

关键词: 中国共产党, 大党, 独有难题, 观念, 党的建设