Abstract: The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and democracy were the themes of the times and the ideology in China during the allout War of Resistance. The Kuomintang (KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CPC), as well as the centrist parties, engaged in indepth discussions on these two major issues and put forward their own political propositions. Their thought and attitude towards these two issues directly determined the support of the people and their success or failure. On the issue of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the KMT, in the early stage of the allout War of Resistance, joined forces with the CPC to fight against Japanese aggression and put forward propositions such as the establishment of the country through the War of Resistance and protracted war of attrition, which were supported by the people; however, in the “stalemate stage”, the passive resistance against Japanese aggression raised doubts and estrangement among the people, and its political status declined sharply. In sharp contrast, the CPC always held high the banner of resistance against Japanese aggression, put forward the line of allout resistance, formed the idea of systematic protracted war, the idea of independent and selfreliant guerrilla warfare, and the idea of mobilizing and arming the people, and became the mainstay of the national resistance, thus gaining the support and endorsement of the broad masses of the people and the centrist parties, and its political influence rose rapidly. On the issue of democracy, the KMT clung obstinately to oneparty dictatorship and gradually lost popular support, while the CPC always held high the banner of democracy, put forward the idea that “resistance against Japanese aggression and democracy are inseparable”, actively advocated and practiced democracy, and implemented the politics of New Democracy, which not only won the support of the broad masses of the people, but also gained the support of the centrist parties. Likewise, the originally weak centrist parties, who firmly advocated democratic politics, received sympathy and support from some of the people, and their political strength grew rapidly. Therefore, different ideological responses to the themes of the times in wartime China influenced the direction of public sentiment and the rise and fall of political strength.

Key words: the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, democracy, the theme of the times, ideological respons

摘要： 抗日与民主，是全面抗战时期中国的时代主题及思想主题，国共两党及中间党派围绕这两大问题展开深入讨论，提出了自己的政治主张。他们围绕着这两大问题的运思及其态度，直接决定了民心向背及其成败得失。在抗日问题上，国民党在全面抗战初期联共抗日，提出了抗战建国、持久消耗等主张，得到了民众的支持；但进入相持阶段后消极抗日，引起了民众的疑虑和离异，其政治地位急剧下降。与之形成鲜明对比的是，中共始终高举抗日旗帜，提出了全面抗战路线，形成了系统的持久战思想、独立自主的游击战思想、动员和武装民众思想，成为全民族抗战的中流砥柱，故得到广大民众和中间党派的支持和拥护，政治影响力迅速上升。在民主问题上，国民党顽固坚持一党专政，逐渐丧失了民众支持；中共始终高举民主的大旗，提出“抗日与民主不可分离”思想，积极倡导并践行民主，实行新民主主义政治，不仅赢得了广大民众的拥护，而且获得了中间党派的支持。同样，本来弱小的各中间党派，坚决主张实行民主政治，得到了部分民众的同情和支持，政治力量迅猛壮大。因此，对战时中国时代主题的不同思想回应，影响着民心之向背与政治力量之消长。

关键词: 抗日战争, 民主, 时代主题, 思想回应