Abstract: In the studies of the critique of political economy, Marx and Engels have made complex and indepth analyses of real economic crisis, and their theories generally present a progressive pattern of “the analysis of revolutionthe analysis of capital movementthe analysis of world history”, which constitutes an important ideological historical thread for understanding Marxs theory of economic crisis. In this process, they have also constantly adjusted their understanding of “the relationship between economic crisis and revolution”. From 1847 to 1850, in order to serve the study of the 1848 European Revolution, Marx and Engels, based on their existing general understanding of economic crisis, highlighted the possibility and mechanism of the revolution caused by the economic crisis of overproduction. The failure of the 1848 European Revolution prompted them to reexamine political economy and begin to view the 1857 economic crisis from the perspective of capital movement, clarifying the macrolevel movement from industrial capital to financial capital. In the 1860s, their observations of the cotton crisis and the 1866 financial crisis delved into the microlevel mechanisms of capital movement, and on this basis they constructed the theoretical framework of economic crisis. In the 1970s, in the face of the new features of real economic crisis, they further demonstrated an analysis of real economic crisis from the perspective of world history and recognized the new direction of revolution. Contemporary Chinese Marxist scholars should carry on their ideological legacy, view the real economic crisis from the Chinese perspective in light of the evolution of the world pattern in the 21st century, accurately explore the new changes and trends of contemporary capitalism, take the initiative to act and ensure our own development and security.

Key words: real economic crisis, critique of political economy, revolution, capital movement, world history

摘要： 在政治经济学批判研究中，马克思恩格斯对现实经济危机作了复杂而深入的分析，其理论总体呈现“革命分析-资本运动分析-世界历史分析”的递进，这构成理解马克思经济危机理论的重要思想史线索。在此过程中，他们也不断调整对“经济危机与革命关系”的认识。1847年至1850年，为服务于研究1848年欧洲革命，他们以既有的对经济危机的总体认识为基础，突出强调生产过剩经济危机引致革命的可能性和机制；1848年欧洲革命失败促使他们重新研究政治经济学，开始以资本运动观照1857年经济危机，阐明其中由产业资本到金融资本运动的宏观链条；之后19世纪60年代，他们对棉业危机和1866年金融危机的观照，深入到资本运动的微观机制，在此基础上构建起经济危机理论框架；70年代后，面对现实经济危机新特征，他们进一步彰显对现实经济危机的世界历史分析，认识到革命新方向。当代中国马克思主义学者应继承他们的思想遗产，结合21世纪世界格局演变，以中国立场观照现实经济危机，精准研判当代资本主义新变化新趋势，主动作为，保障自身发展安全。

关键词: 现实经济危机, 政治经济学批判, 革命, 资本运动, 世界历史